5．The word"plastic"comes from the Greek word"Platicos"and is used to describe （31）Awhich can be easily shaped
The history of plastics is longer than you might（32）BIn fact（33）Dmanmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago．It was called"celluloid（赛璐璐）"．It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year．（34）Bit was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860．Everybody was（35）B by this new material which could be molded （用模子做） into shapes and（36）Cso cheap to buy．
Poor young men（37）Din cities with lots of smoke and dirt were （38）Dto buy white celluloid collars（领子）．The collars were hard and uncomfortable．But they did not have to be sent to wash．The poor young men（39）Arub them clean every evening with soap and water!Poor mothers，（40）Bhad not been able to afford playthings（41）Atheir children，were now able to buy them playthings（42）Dof celluloid．But celluloid had one very serious fault．It caught fire very easily．In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth．There were many terrible accidents，particularly（43）Cchildren．For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid．
For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid．They had（44）D success．Then in 1932 an American scientist called Backland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn．（45）Cbecame known（46）Abakelite（酚醛塑料）．Other plastic materials like bakelite were（47）Cproduced．They（48）C to make electrical fittings and plates and cups．Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe，but rich people（49）D them because they were cheap，and because they could only be made（50）Adark colors．
The history of plastics is longer than you might（32）BIn fact（33）Dmanmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago．It was called"celluloid（赛璐璐）"．It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year．（34）Bit was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860．Everybody was（35）B by this new material which could be molded （用模子做） into shapes and（36）Cso cheap to buy．
Poor young men（37）Din cities with lots of smoke and dirt were （38）Dto buy white celluloid collars（领子）．The collars were hard and uncomfortable．But they did not have to be sent to wash．The poor young men（39）Arub them clean every evening with soap and water!Poor mothers，（40）Bhad not been able to afford playthings（41）Atheir children，were now able to buy them playthings（42）Dof celluloid．But celluloid had one very serious fault．It caught fire very easily．In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth．There were many terrible accidents，particularly（43）Cchildren．For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid．
For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid．They had（44）D success．Then in 1932 an American scientist called Backland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn．（45）Cbecame known（46）Abakelite（酚醛塑料）．Other plastic materials like bakelite were（47）Cproduced．They（48）C to make electrical fittings and plates and cups．Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe，but rich people（49）D them because they were cheap，and because they could only be made（50）Adark colors．
| 31．A．something | B．everything | C．thing | D．anything |
| 32．A．Wish | B．Think | C．Want | D．hope |
| 33．A．Firs t | B．at first | C．for the first | D．the first |
| 34．A．So | B．And | C．But | D．As |
| 35．A．Surprised | B．excited | C．told | D．frightened |
| 36．A．Be | B．Were | C．was | D．is |
| 37．A．waiting | B．Running | C．Walking | D．working |
| 38．A．Going | B．About | C．able | D．Sure |
| 39．A．could | B．ought to | C．Must | D．should |
| 40．A．Which | B．who | C．whom | D．that |
| 41．A．for | B．like | C．in | D．of |
| 42．A．done | B．produced | C．Worked | D．made |
| 43．A．between | B．On | C．among | D．about |
| 44．A．Much | B．Great． | C．Never | D．little |
| 45．A．The man | B．He | C．It | D．The scientist |
| 46．A．as | B．with | C．by | D．to |
| 47．A．already | B．Still | C．also | D．yet |
| 48．A．used | B．Hoped | C．were used | D．had |
| 49．A．took | B．loved | C．enjoyed | D．disliked |
| 50．A．in | B．By | C．From | D．Of |
4．If someone helps you out，should you"pay him or her back"？No-the best thing to do it is to"pay forward"by helping others．This is the （36）B I have learned from a movie called just that：pay it Forward．The main character David invites homeless people into his house so that he can pay forward others'love toward him．（37）D by the plot，I decided to donate blood as my own way of"Paying it forward"．
One sunny afternoon，I went to a blood donation station in Jining．That afternoon was also my 18th birthday．I thought of what I was doing as a wonderful gift to （38）Cand to others．
There was a long queue of （39）A．I joined it excitedly but became more and more （40）Cas the queue moved forward．Finally，it was my turn．I filled out an application form and had a physical examination．Then I started to give blood．
I sat down （41）Aa large box and extended my left hand．"Are you ready？"said the doctor with a warm smile．"Yep!"I replied with a confident smile （42）B．The needle was inserted into my vein（静脉）and a stinging（刺痛的）pain hit me．Seeing the red blood flowing，I felt a bit sick and dizzy．
"You should clench（紧握）and release your fist，"the doctor said．"Keep doing that
（43）D I tell you to stop．"I clenched and released throughout the whole process and（44）Ccalmed down．By the end they had 400ml of my blood．
It means a lot to me that I （45）A the start of my adult life with a blood donation．I showed how I （46）Bpeople in need．Many students think about doing something special or meaningful on their 18th birthday，but only by （47）D can we really make a difference and live a meaningful life．
One sunny afternoon，I went to a blood donation station in Jining．That afternoon was also my 18th birthday．I thought of what I was doing as a wonderful gift to （38）Cand to others．
There was a long queue of （39）A．I joined it excitedly but became more and more （40）Cas the queue moved forward．Finally，it was my turn．I filled out an application form and had a physical examination．Then I started to give blood．
I sat down （41）Aa large box and extended my left hand．"Are you ready？"said the doctor with a warm smile．"Yep!"I replied with a confident smile （42）B．The needle was inserted into my vein（静脉）and a stinging（刺痛的）pain hit me．Seeing the red blood flowing，I felt a bit sick and dizzy．
"You should clench（紧握）and release your fist，"the doctor said．"Keep doing that
（43）D I tell you to stop．"I clenched and released throughout the whole process and（44）Ccalmed down．By the end they had 400ml of my blood．
It means a lot to me that I （45）A the start of my adult life with a blood donation．I showed how I （46）Bpeople in need．Many students think about doing something special or meaningful on their 18th birthday，but only by （47）D can we really make a difference and live a meaningful life．
| 36．A．experience | B．lesson | C．conclusion | D．comment |
| 37．A．Stimulated | B．Infected | C．Urged | D．Moved |
| 38．A．me | B．him | C．myself | D．himself |
| 39．A．volunteers | B．customers | C．patients | D．characters |
| 40．A．embarrassed | B．upset | C．nervous | D．homesick |
| 41．A．against | B．around | C．beyond | D．over |
| 42．A．in turn | B．in return | C．in vain | D．in advance |
| 43．A．even if | B．as though | C．because | D．until |
| 44．A．regularly | B．swiftly | C．gradually | D．hopefully |
| 45．A．marked | B．initiated | C．cultivated | D．recalled |
| 46．A．worry about | B．care for | C．turn to | D．approve of |
| 47．A．giving blood | B．entering colleges | C．correcting mistakes | D．taking action |
3．Are we too slow to praise and quick to blame？It seems we are．
Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit； we cannot flower and grow without it．And yet，we are somehow （51）D to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise．To make matters worse，most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of （52）B．
It's strange how chary（吝啬的） we are about praising．Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully． （53）A，we are embarrassed and shrug off（不予理睬） the words we are really so glad to hear．Because of this （54）C reaction，direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give．That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us （55）B，in a letter or passed on by a friend．When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful（恶意的） remarks are conveyed，it seems a pity that there isn't more effort to pass （56）A comments．
It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas where effort generally goes unnoticed or （57）C．An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture，a cook for a perfect meal．But do you ever tell your （58）D
manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right？
Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing （59）B jobs：gas-station attendants，waitresses-even housewives．Do you ever go into a house and say，"What a tidy room"？Hardly anybody does．Shakespeare said，"Our praises are our wages．"Since so often praise is the only （60）A a housewife receives，surely she of all people should get her measure．
Teachers agree about the value of praise．One teacher writes that instead of drowning students'compositions in critical red ink，the teacher will get far more （61）B results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time，and commenting （62）D on them．"I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard，"writes the teacher，"and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin（空白处） to show him that the teacher is aware of it，too．"
To give praise （63）C the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort．It is such a small （64）C．And yet consider the results it may produce．"I can live for two months on a good compliment，"said Mark Twain．So，let's be （65）B to the small excellences around us-and comment on them．We will not only bring joy into other people's lives，but also，very often，add happiness into our own．
Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit； we cannot flower and grow without it．And yet，we are somehow （51）D to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise．To make matters worse，most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of （52）B．
It's strange how chary（吝啬的） we are about praising．Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully． （53）A，we are embarrassed and shrug off（不予理睬） the words we are really so glad to hear．Because of this （54）C reaction，direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give．That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us （55）B，in a letter or passed on by a friend．When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful（恶意的） remarks are conveyed，it seems a pity that there isn't more effort to pass （56）A comments．
It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas where effort generally goes unnoticed or （57）C．An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture，a cook for a perfect meal．But do you ever tell your （58）D
manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right？
Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing （59）B jobs：gas-station attendants，waitresses-even housewives．Do you ever go into a house and say，"What a tidy room"？Hardly anybody does．Shakespeare said，"Our praises are our wages．"Since so often praise is the only （60）A a housewife receives，surely she of all people should get her measure．
Teachers agree about the value of praise．One teacher writes that instead of drowning students'compositions in critical red ink，the teacher will get far more （61）B results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time，and commenting （62）D on them．"I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard，"writes the teacher，"and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin（空白处） to show him that the teacher is aware of it，too．"
To give praise （63）C the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort．It is such a small （64）C．And yet consider the results it may produce．"I can live for two months on a good compliment，"said Mark Twain．So，let's be （65）B to the small excellences around us-and comment on them．We will not only bring joy into other people's lives，but also，very often，add happiness into our own．
| 51．A．guilty | B．impatient | C．fortunate | D．reluctant |
| 52．A．charity | B．criticism | C．chemical | D．command |
| 53．A．Instead | B．Therefore | C．Moreover | D．Otherwise |
| 54．A．extreme | B．immediate | C．defensive | D．positive |
| 55．A．naturally | B．indirectly | C．similarly | D．closely |
| 56．A．pleasing | B．unfair | C．interesting | D．objective |
| 57．A．unchanged | B．unmatched | C．unmentioned | D．unemployed |
| 58．A．hotel | B．personnel | C．sales | D．laundry |
| 59．A．ideal | B．routine | C．demanding | D．steady |
| 60．A．wage | B．chance | C．input | D．support |
| 61．A．inevitable | B．constructive | C．disappointing | D．concrete |
| 62．A．frequently | B．occasionally | C．critically | D．favorably |
| 63．A．highlights | B．provides | C．costs | D．signals |
| 64．A．achievement | B．challenge | C．investment | D．substitute |
| 65．A．certain | B．alert | C．resistant | D．superior |
2．A lovely little girl was holding two apples with both hands．Her mum came in and．（41）B asked her little daughter with a smile："my sweetie，could you give your mum one of your two apples？"The girl looked （42）Aat her mum for some seconds，then she suddenly took a quick （43）C on one apple，and then quickly on the other．
The mum feIt the smile on her face（44）D．She tried hard not to show her （45）B．Then the little girl handed one of her （46）D apples to her mum，and said：mummy，here you are．This is the （47）A One．
No matter who you are，how experienced you are，and how knowledgeable you think you are，always （48）Bjudgment．Give others the privilege to （49）C themselves．What you see may not be the （50）D．Never conclude for others．Which is why we should never only （51）C the surface and judge others without understanding them （52）A．
Those who like to pay the bill，do so not because they are loaded，but because they value（53）Aabove money．
Those who （54）Dfirst after a fight，do so not because they are wrong but because they value the people around them．
Those who often text you，do so not because they have （55）Bbetter to do but because you are in their heart．
One day，all of us will get （56）C from each other；we will miss our conversations of everything?hing；the（57）Cthat we had．Days will pass by，months，years，（58）Athis contact becomes rare…One day our children will see our（59）D and ask"Who are these people？"And we will smile with invisible tears because a heart is touched with a strong word and you will say："（60）B WAS THEM THAT I HAD THE BEST DAYS OF MY LIFE WITH"
The mum feIt the smile on her face（44）D．She tried hard not to show her （45）B．Then the little girl handed one of her （46）D apples to her mum，and said：mummy，here you are．This is the （47）A One．
No matter who you are，how experienced you are，and how knowledgeable you think you are，always （48）Bjudgment．Give others the privilege to （49）C themselves．What you see may not be the （50）D．Never conclude for others．Which is why we should never only （51）C the surface and judge others without understanding them （52）A．
Those who like to pay the bill，do so not because they are loaded，but because they value（53）Aabove money．
Those who （54）Dfirst after a fight，do so not because they are wrong but because they value the people around them．
Those who often text you，do so not because they have （55）Bbetter to do but because you are in their heart．
One day，all of us will get （56）C from each other；we will miss our conversations of everything?hing；the（57）Cthat we had．Days will pass by，months，years，（58）Athis contact becomes rare…One day our children will see our（59）D and ask"Who are these people？"And we will smile with invisible tears because a heart is touched with a strong word and you will say："（60）B WAS THEM THAT I HAD THE BEST DAYS OF MY LIFE WITH"
| 41．A．quickly | B．softly | C．curiously | D．sadly |
| 42．A．up | B．down | C．out | D．around |
| 43．A．look | B．taste | C．bite | D．try |
| 44．A．remain | B．rise | C．speed | D．freeze |
| 45．A．satisfaction | B．disappointment | C．amusement | D．confusion |
| 46．A．rotten | B．deserted | C．split | D．bitten |
| 47．A．sweeter | B．bigger | C．fresher | D．juicier |
| 48．A．offer | B．delay | C．stop | D．pass |
| 49．A．criticize | B．reflect | C．explain | D．introduce |
| 50．A．result | B．purpose | C．attempt | D．reality |
| 51．A．work out | B．hold up | C．focus on | D．give up |
| 52．A．first | B．last | C．wrong | D．little |
| 53．A．friendship | B．material | C．bill | D．surface |
| 54．A．sacrifice | B．suffer | C．survive | D．apologize |
| 55．A．something | B．nothing | C．everything | D．anything |
| 56．A．lost | B．retired | C．separated | D．divorced |
| 57．A．talks | B．argument | C．dreams | D．contradict |
| 58．A．until | B．when | C．though | D．after |
| 59．A．articles | B．stories | C．telephones | D．pictures |
| 60．A．WHAT | B．IT | C．THAT | D．SUCH． |
1．A child's place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations that will interest him or her as an adult，new research suggests．In two related studies，researchers found that only children were more interested in intellectual，cognitive careers than later-born children．（51）C，later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers．
"For example，parents may be extremely （52）B of only children and worry about their physical safety．That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic （53）A rather than physical or outdoor activities．An only child will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings（兄弟姐妹）．This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer from （54）B and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life．"
The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along-（55）D them from being the centre of attention，to then sharing the care of parents．Parents will also expect them to be responsible and"set an example"．The change from being the focus of a family may be quite a （56）C and so shape the first-born's outlook on life．Therefore，first-borns may try to get back their parents'attention and approval by achieving success in their career．It is true that first-borns are （57 ）B more often found as political leaders than any other birth-order position．
Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be a（n）（58）C experience，especially if the child wants to be taken seriously．The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports．This may be a （59）D of the last-born's rebellious characteristic-a result of being （60）B up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family．
Middle children，（61）B，have different issues．"Middle-child syndrome"can mean feeling （62）A between two other"more important"people-an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the （63）C and is treated like a spoilt child．Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children，and this may （64）B them becoming good negotiators-of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at dealing with both authority figures and those holding （65）D positions．
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"For example，parents may be extremely （52）B of only children and worry about their physical safety．That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic （53）A rather than physical or outdoor activities．An only child will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings（兄弟姐妹）．This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer from （54）B and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life．"
The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along-（55）D them from being the centre of attention，to then sharing the care of parents．Parents will also expect them to be responsible and"set an example"．The change from being the focus of a family may be quite a （56）C and so shape the first-born's outlook on life．Therefore，first-borns may try to get back their parents'attention and approval by achieving success in their career．It is true that first-borns are （57 ）B more often found as political leaders than any other birth-order position．
Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be a（n）（58）C experience，especially if the child wants to be taken seriously．The last-born is more likely than the other birth-order positions to take up dangerous sports．This may be a （59）D of the last-born's rebellious characteristic-a result of being （60）B up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family．
Middle children，（61）B，have different issues．"Middle-child syndrome"can mean feeling （62）A between two other"more important"people-an older sibling who gets all the rights and is treated like an adult and a younger sibling who gets all the （63）C and is treated like a spoilt child．Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children，and this may （64）B them becoming good negotiators-of all the birth-order positions they are most skillful at dealing with both authority figures and those holding （65）D positions．
| 51．A．In other words | B．In addition | C．In contrast | D．In particular |
| 52．A．proud | B．protective | C．positive | D．precious |
| 53．A．pursuit | B．exchange | C．freedom | D．reputation |
| 54．A．regret | B．jealousy | C．sympathy | D．neglect |
| 55．A．prohibiting | B．varying | C．preventing | D．transforming |
| 56．A．disaster | B．tragedy | C．shock | D．tendency |
| 57．A．enormously | B．significantly | C．unexpectedly | D．extremely |
| 58．A．exciting | B．confusing | C．frustrating | D．rewarding |
| 59．A．sample | B．signal | C．symbol | D．sign |
| 60．A．tied | B．fed | C．mixed | D．caught |
| 61．A．therefore | B．however | C．otherwise | D．meanwhile |
| 62．A．sandwiched | B．trapped | C．combined | D．balanced |
| 63．A．honours | B．resources | C．privileges | D．expectations |
| 64．A．insist on | B．contribute to | C．approve of | D．result from |
| 65．A．former | B．superior | C．latter | D．inferior |