5．For most city people.the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm ——青夏教育精英家教网—

5．For most city people，the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains，jets，and even bicycles．Dr．Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding．Without the elevator，they point out，there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings，and city life as we know it would be impossible．In that sense，they argue，the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars．In fact，according to Wilk，the car and the elevator have been locked in a"secret war"for over a century，with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally （水平地），and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical （垂直的） columns．
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators，it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief，boring，and even awkward experience-one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common，and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long passage．
In a new book，Lifted，German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience，studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience．"After 150years，we are still not used to it，"Bernard said．"We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure．"That mixture，according to Bernard，sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives．
Today，as the world's urban population explodes，and cities become more crowded，taller，and more crowded，America's total number of elevators-900，000at last count，according to Elevator World magazine's"2012Vertical Transportation Industry"-are a force that's becoming more important than ever．And for the people who really，really love them，it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are．

32．What does the underlined word"this"in Paragraph 1refer to？A
A．The general view of elevators．
B．The particular interests of experts．
C．The desire for a remarkable machine．
D．The enthusiasm for transport vehicles．
33．The author's purpose in mentioning cars isB．
A．to contrast their functions with elevators'
B．to emphasize the importance of elevators
C．to reveal their secret war against elevators
D．to explain people's preference for elevators
34．According to Prof．Bernard，what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences？
C
A．Vertical direction．B．Lack of excitement．
C．Little physical space．D．Uncomfortable conditions．
35．The author urges readers to considerC．
A．the exact number of elevator lovers
B．the serious future situation of elevators
C．the role of elevators in city development
D．the relationship between cars and elevators．

4．Failure（失败）is the mother of success．

3．The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone．Enter the Red Hat Society-a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun．
"My grandmothers didn't do anything but keep house and serve everybody．They were programmed to do that，"said Emils Comette，head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society．
While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf，women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age．But the generation now turning 50is the baby boomers （生育高峰期出生的人），and the same people who refused their parents'way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old．
If you take into consideration feminism （女权主义），a bit of spare money，and better health for most elderly，the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable（必然的）．In this society，women over 50wear red hats and purple （紫色的） clothes，while the women under 50wear pink hats and light purple clothing．
"The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins："When I am an old woman，I shall wear purple．With a red hat which doesn't go，"said Ellen Cooper，who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998．When the ladies started to wear the red hats，they attracted lots of attention．
"The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else，"Cooper said．"Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves．"This is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anything useful．"We're a ladies'play group．It couldn't be more simple，"added Cooper's assistant Joe Heywood．
24．The underlined word"chapter"in paragraph 2meansA．
A．one branch of an organization
B．a written agreement of a club
C．one part of a collection of poems
D．a period in a society's history
25．From the text，we know that the"baby boomers"are a group of people whoD．
A．have gradually become more noticeable
B．are worried about getting old too quickly
C．are enjoying a good life with plenty of money to spend
D．tried living a different life from their parents when they were young
26．It could be inferred from the text that members of the Red Hat Society areC．．
A．interested in raising money for social work
B．programmers who can plan well for their future
C．believers in equality between men and women
D．good at cooking big meals and taking care of others
27．Who set up the Red Hat Society？B
A．Emily Cornette．
B．Ellen Cooper．
C．Jenny Joseph．
D．Joe Heywood．
28．Women join the Red Hat Society becauseC．
A．they want to stay young
B．they would like to appear more attractive
C．they would like to have fun and live for themselves
D．they want to be more like their parents．

2．There are many people you are well advised to treat kindly：Your child's teacher，your husband or wife，your boss and so on．
Until now，that best-behavior-required list has not included your Uber driver，or for that matter，taxi drivers．Old thinking：Hey，they're here to serve me．I don't have to make a special effort to be nice to them．
Dangerously wrong．
A recent New York Times story told the instructive tale of a Uber passenger，Hussein Kanji，who says he's really not sure how he made his driver angry．All he knows is that his driver-generated rating went way down and the wait for a Uber car became hours instead of minutes．
Beware，Uberians：If you're feeling angry when you slide into the back seat and you give your driver the silent treatment，your reputation may get damaged in the driver-generated ratings．If you're among the people one Uber driver described as"generally negative"，watch out．
Uber isn't the only front on this battlefield．The ability to rate someone's service is one of the successes of the Internet．It helps everyone weed out people with bad attitudes and worse habits．
These ratings should cut both ways．A while back，the auction site eBay made many of its sellers angry when it started preventing them from giving negative ratings to buyers．Until then，sellers and buyers had threatened each other with negative reviews．Too many negative reviews could get you thrown off．
Then eBay shifted the balance of power to buyers．Sellers can still write a bad comment，but the overall rating cannot be anything but positive．Thus eBay has become a place where all is for the best．Think positive!
We know that being nice to people all day can be exhausting．We've also seen people who shout at those who don't measure up to their expectations for service．
Uber is reportedly about to spread worldwide．It is a welcome competitor because it fits the needs of customers in a new way．We know Uber is a two-way street．But drivers who get too picky may end up with no passengers．
Everyone，behave!
41．In general，people think of Uber drivers as people whoB．
A．they can take advantage of
B．they don't have to be nice to
C．are required to be on their best behavior
D．need better treatment from customers
42．Negative driver-generated ratings mean thatA．
A．customers have to wait for a longer time when using Uber cars
B．drivers are too slow to pick up customers
C．Uber drivers will never serve those customers
D．customers have done damage to Uber cars
43．The phrase"weed out"（Para.6）can best be replaced byB．
A．hate
B．get rid of
C．value
D．win back
44．The example of eBay in the article is probably meant to show thatB．
A．in the Internet age，buyers have always had the advantage of ratings
B．the power of ratings should be given to both sides of a service
C．the main reason why eBay has become a successful auction site
D．controversy between customers and sellers has only come about recently
45．The author has written this article toD．
A．show that when using services like Uber，your behavior directly affects the service you get
B．prove that giving and receiving bad ratings can influence your life
C．suggest that tools like Uber and eBay can reflect what kind of person you are
D．stress that both customers and service providers should be generally respectful and positive．

1．One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend．"One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that，with a few important exceptions，mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states．"said Neville Alexander，Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town．
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration，many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade．In some，the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters．One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994"Toubon law"in France，and the idea has been copied in many countries since then．Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts，who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process．
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the"purity"of a language by law．Since the time of Shakespeare，English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language．English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world，but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power．Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things．English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language，similar，for example，to the Academic Francaise in France．
The need to protect national languages is，for most western Europeans，a recent phenomenon-especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields．Public communication，education and new ways of communication promoted by technology，may be key fields to defend．
41．Neville Alexander believes thatD．
A．mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
B．globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
C．globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend
D．lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
42．The underlined word"futile"（in paragraph 2）most probably means"C"．
A．workable B．practical C．useless D．unnecessary
43．Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage？A
A．They have a long history of taking words from other languages．
B．They want their language to spread to other countries．
C．They think language protection laws are ineffective．
D．It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance．
44．What can we infer from the last paragraph？B
A．English has taken over fields like public communication and education．
B．Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English．
C．Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language．
D．Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language．
45．The best title for the passage isB．
A．Fighting against the rule of English
B．Protecting local languages and identities
C．Globalization and multi-language trend
D．To maintain the purity of language by law．

20．There is a tread in travelling that is sweeping the nation-it's being called voluntourism．Foreign destinations are attracting American citizens who want to sightsee，while at the same time engage in community service．
Photos on a wall are of recent visits to an orphanage（孤儿院） in India．It's a trip Jim Inners first made after looking a more meaningful way to see the world．Through the Austin-based Miracle Foundation，Inners has traveled to India three times as part of a growing trend called voluntourism，which combines foreign travel with charity work．
"You're living．You're not just sending a check to help somebody but you have a little girl，a little boy． You're their life line to a new life．" said Inners
Silicon Labs co-founder Nav Sooch recently raised money to build a village for orphans in India and has traveled there several times．He says it's possible to sightsee and serve the needy．
"I think it would be a shame to go to India and not see the Taj Mahal．It's a wonderful place and I think you can have that as well as the real interaction with real people．"said Sooch．
"We've had all ages．We've had from 21/2with a family all the way up to an 82-year-old and that's the beauty of these trips．"says Barbara Joubert．She plans the 9-day journeys on behalf of the Miracle Foundation．She says it appeals to those who want to give back．"So the most basic work or what you're doing there is loving the kids and it's not hard．"said Joubert．
"Spending time with all these kids has been wonderful．"says Inners．Voluntourism will take Jim Inners back to"Pinky"，the girl who calls him Papa Jim．

32．According to the text，voluntourismC．
A．is kind of travel organized by travel companies
B．is a way of earning money by traveling
C．is a certain travel while offering community service
D．is kind of travel to enjoy the local cultures
33．According to the text，the Miracle FountainA．
A．is intended to help the poor areas B．mainly helps plan voluntourism
C．belongs to a large travel company D．is organized to offer service in India
34．What does Inners mean by saying"You're their life line to a new life．"in paragraph 3？D
A．You'll have to look after their future life．
B．You need to send money to help the poor．
C．You will allow them to be your family members．
D．You have a great effect on their future life．
35．What's the purpose of the text？D
A．To make voluntourism more popular． B．To persuade readers to help the poor．
C．To give you advice on voluntourism．D．To introduce readers voluntourism．

19．She has apreference（偏爱）for pop music．

18．Many rural villages in the mountainous areasare inaccessible to（是…难以到达的） tourists．

17．If you don't take my advice，you'll have topay a price for（付出代价） the mistake．

16．Although the firm is small，there is plenty tokeep us occupied（使我们有事可做）．

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