17．Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression．That was the findin——青夏教育精英家教网—

17．Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression．That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings．They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression．Doctors use the word"clinical depression"to describe severe form of depression．Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities，low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide．
In the new study，American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters（仓鼠）to different colors．The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal，which means they sleep during the day and are active at night．
The animals were separated into four groups．One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period．Another group was placed in front of a blue light，a third group slept in front of a white light，while a fourth was put in front of a red light．
After four weeks，the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank．They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water．
Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University．He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed．"What we saw is that these animals didn't show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign while if they were in the dim（微弱）red light，they did not．"
Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive（感光）cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight．He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle．
He says there's a lot of blue in white light．This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness．

25．Researchers use hamsters in the experiment becauseD．
A．they are similar to humans in dealing with colors
B．they are easy to observe and study
C．they are sensitive to colors like human beings
D．they are active at night and sleep during the day
26．What sign shows that the hamsters are being depressed？A
A．They drink less sugary water．
B．They don't sleep well．
C．Their eyesight becomes worse．
D．Their energy level becomes low．
27．Ctends to cause hamsters to be depressed．
A．Dim light
B．Red light
C．Blue light
D．Darkness
28．What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed？B
A．Not being exposed to dim red light when using computers．
B．Equipping their computer screens to put it more in the reddish light．
C．Living or working in low levels of light overnight．
D．Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help．

16．Graduating from high school is one of the most satisfying，but for the first time，you are faced with the task of leading yourself to a successful future．Advice floods in from everybody in all directions and eventually you have obtained so much information about how to do well in college that it starts to become confusing．
    Many people say the best way to get through college with the best grades is to study most of the time and relax the rest of the time．While this is a great strategy，the whole social aspect of the college life is completely ignored．Social life plays a large role in overall well-being （福利）．College offers the best chance you will ever have to surround yourself with great people for the rest of your 1ife．
You need to create schedules for yourself to manage your time．It is sometimes difficult for students to separate having fun and studying．If you want to make it through college，you must go to class．Students often fail out because they completely neglect（忽视） going to class and doing required assignments．And then there's the complete opposite side，the students who graduate with a 4.0 grade point average but have never been to a social event in their college career．The key to success is balance．What is the point of spending four years in the same place if you build no supportive relationships，good memories or funny stories？
Obviously college is not of total fun．You will sometimes need to lock yourself in your room and turn off your cell phone for a few hours to crack down on loaded projects and abandon all contact from the outside world．But after you are finished with the project，you should reward yourself by relaxing and having a good time．As long as there is a good balance of work and play，you should have few problems．To be successful，you need to create your own unique schedule．If one thing doesn't work，shift your schedule around until it does．When you and your best friends finally graduate，you can remember all the great times you've had together，and talk about how college wasn't as difficult as you once thought it was going to be．
72．What does the underlined phrase"crack down on"in the last paragraph probably mean？C
A．Pay attention to
B．Keep in touch with．
C．Try to complete
D．Break down．
73．Which statement does the author seem to agree with？D
A．College life is very confusing．
B．It s easy to manage one's time in college．
C．Everyone can make many friends in college．
D．Social life plays an important part in college．
74．The last paragraph tells that one may succeed at college if he/she knowsB
A．how to deal with problems
B．how to manage his/her time
C．how to finish his/her projects
D．how to avoid the outside world's interruption
75．What would be the best title of the passage？A
A．How to Win at College                B．What to Learn at College
C．The Importance of College            D．The Difficulties Met with at College．

15．How did the sea horse get its name？It's not hard to guess．The top half of this fish looks like a small horse．But looking at the sea horse's tail，you might think"sea monkey"is a better name．Then there's the sea horse's pouch （育儿袋）．"Sea kangaroo"might also be a good name for this fish．
    Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world．They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses that grow under the sea．They can also change colors to match their surroundings．A sea horse remains in one place for hours at a time by winding its tail around a plant．It feeds on live food，such as small shrimp．For a fish that doesn't move around much，the sea horse eats a lot-in just one day，a sea horse can eat 3，000 shrimp!
A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life，and it's the male sea horse that gives birth to baby sea horses．How does this happen？Baby sea horses start out as eggs，which come from the female's body．The male carries the eggs in its pouch for about three weeks until they hatch．Soon after the babies are born，the female gives her mate a new set of eggs．
   Sadly，the number of sea horses is becoming smaller．Why is this happening？Some places where sea horses once lived have been filled in to make new land．Also，many sea horses are caught and sold as aquarium fish．This really is not a good idea because most sea horses don't live long in aquariums．The best place for a sea horse is the ocean．
60．The sea horse got its name because of itsB
A．skin          B．head         C．pouch            D．tail
61．We can learn from the text that sea horsesC
A．like to move around               B．live in cold ocean waters
C．feed on small live shrimp         D．change colors with the temperature
62．What does a female sea horse do with her eggs？D
A．She hatches them．
B．She hides them in sea grasses．
C．She carries them around．
D．She puts them in the male's pouch．
63．Why is the number of sea horses becoming smaller？B
A．Because they grow at a very low speed．
B．Because their homes are being destroyed．
C．Because they are killed by people for food．
D．Because their food is becoming less and less．

14．Music lessons in early childhood bring about changes in the brain that  could improve its performance far into adulthood，researchers say．
  Brain scans of young adults showed those who had formal musical training before seven had thicker brain areas dealing with hearing and self-awareness．
  The findings note how brain development can be influenced by the age when children start to learn a musical instrument，and how those changes can continue into later life．
"Early musical training benefits kids more than just making them enjoy music．It changes the brain，which could bring about cognitive advances as well，"said Yunxin Wang of Beijing Normal University．
"Our results suggest it's better to start musical training before seven，which agrees with what most piano teachers recommend，"she added．She hoped the results might help parents decide when was the best for their children to learn an instrument．
   The brain's cortex（皮层） plays a leading role in one's abilities，from thought and language to memory and attention．The area matures rapidly in the early years of life，and its development could be affected more if a person starts musical training before it fully matures．
   Wang studied 48 Chinese students aged between 19 and 21 who had received formal music training for at least a year sometime between the ages of 3 and 15．Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain's cortex．
   After considering sex and the number of years spent having music lessons，Wang found that musical training that started before seven appeared to thicken areas of the brain involved in language skills and executive function，which is a person's ability to plan and accomplish tasks．
"We're not sure why these changes occur，but a reasonable explanation is that early starters might depend more on hearing clues（线索） when learning music，since it might be more difficult for younger children to read music，"Wang said．
32．According to the researchers，musical training before the age of seven canA
A．contribute to future work．
B．create a successful life
C．develop all-round abilities
D．deal with puzzling problem
33．When conducting the research with the students，WangD
A．tested their language abilities
B．watched their musical performances
C．focused on school behavior and achievements
D．measured the thickness of the brain's cortex
34．It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatB．
A．it must be hard for kids to read music
B．kids are more likely to learn music by hearing
C．Wang's explanation has been the most reasonable
D．Wang will research into the reasons for the brain change
35．For what purpose does the author write the text？C
A．To describe the development of brain．
B．To challenge the previous discoveries．
C．To present the findings of the research．
D．To give advice on how to learn music．

13．Hello．I'm Jan from Mrs．Lake's class．My class wants to work together to help the public．We think we have found a great way to do this．Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town．We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program．This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads．We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway．
    Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet．When a highway is adopted，only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people．The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean．Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it．The sign is put up at the side of the road．This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean．
    The Adopt-a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer．Also，the governwent does not have to send out as many road workers．This saves money．Finally，people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people，especially teenagers like us，cleaning them up．
    We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway．If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean，please come with your parents to the meeting next week．We will meet in Mrs．Lake'room on Wednesday at 6：00 P．M．At the meeting，we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts．Then we'Il try to pick an area to adopt and clean ap．
   I look forward to seeing you at the meeting．Remember to keep our roads clean!
21．What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about？C
A．Giving names to the highways
B．Drawing pictures of highways．
C．Picking up litter along the roads
D．Putting up signs near the roads．
22．What should the students do first if they want to join the program？D
A．Pick a spot to care for．
B．Call Mrs．Lake next week．
C．Write a letter to their parents．
D．Go to a meeting on Wednesday．
23．What is the purpose of this speech？A
A．To encourage students to join the program．
B．To introduce the traffic system．
C．To show drivers how to drive safely．
D．To tell a story about adopting a pet．
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？B
A．Adopt-a-Pet
B．Adopt-a-Highway
C．Ways to Protect the Envment
D．Volunteers on Roads．

12．People are more likely to lie or cheat during the afternoon because self control reduces during the day，according to researchers．
   Volunteers taking part in two experiments where they could benefit by cheating were more likely to do so if the tests took place after midday，researchers found．
   The findings back up previous studies which have shown that our capacity for self-control declines during the day，due to tiredness and repeatedly making decisions．
    Psychologists from Harvard University first showed a group of volunteers various patterns of dots on a computer screen，asking them to decide whether there were more dots on the left or the right hand side．
Instead of being rewarded for getting the answer right，the participants were paid based on which side they chose，earning ten times as much for choosing the right hand side as the left．
   People who were tested after midday were significantly more likely to select the right hand side，even if there were clearly more dots on the left，than those who took part during the morning．
   In a second test，participants were shown a series of word fragments，such as"-ral"and"e-c-"and asked which words they associated with them．
   In morning experiments，participants were more likely to form the words"moral"and"ethical"while during the afternoon the words"coral"and"effects"were most common．
   Further tests conducted online showed that people were more likely to send dishonest messages or claim to have solved an unsolvable problem in the afternoon than in the morning．
   Writing the Psychological Science journal，the researchers said the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards，who always behaved morally during the morning but slipped during the afternoon．
In contrast，those who were able to"morally disengage"，or behave unethically without feeling guilty，tended to cheat whatever the time of day．
   Dr．Maryam Kouchaki，one of the lead authors，said："Unfortunately，the most honest people，such as those less likely to morally disengage，may be the most susceptible （易受影响的） to the negative consequences associated with the morning morality effect．"
   The findings could be relevant to organizations that should be more alert about the behavior of customers and employees during the afternoon，she added．"Our findings suggest that mere time of day can lead to a systematic failure of good people to act morally．"
74．Volunteers can get more money when theyB
A．gave the correct answer                  B．chose the right hand side
C．chose the left hand side                 D．remembered the patterns of dots
75．Why are participants less likely to form words like"ethical"，"moral"in the afternoon？D
A．Because their vocabulary becomes smaller．
B．Because they are unwilling to tell the truth．
C．Because the words are the voice of their heart．
D．Because self control declines after midday．
76．The underlined word"pronounced"（ in paragraph 10 ） is closest in meaning toC
A．dominated            B．announced            C．marked       D．exposed
77．Which of the following statements is TRUE？A
A．The finding especially applies to those who behave ethically．
B．Mere time of day can lead to systematic failure of organizations．
C．The finding doesn't agree with that of previous studies．
D．People who act morally feel guilty after telling a lie．

11．Do you want a bit of an adventure？Would you like to discover all the corners of the UK，or travel abroad？Maybe you have never tried the motorhome lifestyle before．Well，read this article and you will know why a motorhome is a good choice．
Nothing is better than a motorhome．It has so many uses that it is considered the most versatile vehicle and it is also very comfortable．If you are thinking about hiring a motorhome this summer，then the best choice is to book it early，especially if you are considering the school holidays．The motorhome hire service is very seasonal and motorhome hire companies will never have extra vehicles available in the summer months．
There are a lot of companies throughout the UK，and some of the big ones have motorhomes spread all over the country．At present，the largest network for motorhome hire is provided by Motorhome which is based in Cambridge．If you are in the UK，you may phone 0800612-8719 for details of its motorhome hire information．Motorhome has a network of over 500 vehicles all over England，Scotland and Wales．
Most people wishing to hire a motorhome are families that are looking for an alternative to a European package holiday，especially as flying now has become more expensive，and is considered to be environmentally unfriendly．There is no doubt that the idea of no-fly holidays is going to become more popular as fewer people think it is safe to fly．This explains why more and more people are choosing to hire a motorhome for their holidays．

21．The main purpose of this text is to explain why it is a good idea toD．
A．take an adventure
B．travel to England
C．try a new lifestyle
D．hire a motorhome
22．What does the underlined word"versatile"in Paragraph 2 probably mean？C
A．Fast．
B．Safe．
C．Useful．
D．Exciting．
23．Why should you book a motorhome early if you want to book one for this summer？B
A．Booking early is much cheaper．
B．Summer is usually a very busy season．
C．You can arrange your time better this way．
D．Students usually book them to earn money．
24．The last paragraph tells us the advantages of hiring a motorhome byC．
A．telling us a story
B．giving detailed data
C．comparing it with flying
D．showing the results of a study．

10．A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it．Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see．Some last a few minutes before they give in．But others are determined to wait until the last moment．
By the time the children reach high school，something remarkable has happened．A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular，adventurous，confident and dependable．The children who gave in to temptation（诱惑） early were more likely to be lonely，easily frustrated and inflexible（顽固的）．
Actually，the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn't show up on an IQ test．
The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists'concerns．But brain theory can't explain what we wonder about most，like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul．
Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman，writer of Emotional Intelligence：when it comes to predicting people's success，brain ability measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as"character"．
EQ is not the opposite of IQ．What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together； how one's ability to handle stress，for instance，affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use．Among the ingredients （要素） for success，researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%； the rest depends on everything from social class to luck．
While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously，some few fear EQ causes misuse．

66．The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear thatC．
A．the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment
B．emotional intelligence won't show up until adolescence
C．the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success
D．candy can be used to measure a person's emotional intelligence
67．Which of the following is TRUE of EQ and IQ according to the text？D
A．There is no link between EQ and IQ．
B．The higher a person's IQ is，the higher his or her EQ is．
C．Some people can be blessed with lots of both，but some with little of either．
D．Scientists are trying to discover the way in which EQ and IQ work together．
68．The underlined word"upbeat"in Paragraph 4 probably means"D"．
A．kind
B．floating
C．excited
D．optimistic
69．Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text？C
A．To amuse both the children and readers．
B．To prove the scientist's wisdom．
C．To introduce the topic of the text．
D．To show us how to do an IQ test．
70．What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows？B
A．Information about famous people with high EQ．
B．Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ．
C．Some reasons why EQ is relatively new field．
D．Strong demands for basic emotional education．

9．College life can become a great struggle because students have to balance school，a social life，and sometimes a job as well．The following steps could help the grades of college students．
Go to class．Why did your parents pay for your tuition or why are your parents paying their taxes for financial aid？Even when you don't feel like attending class，just go．（51）CMany classes have in class assignments，pop quizzes，and case studies that only could be taken in class．If you are not there，you might lose points．
（52）A College is all about multitasking．Planners can really help you to balance homework，due dates and tests．You should try to get your work done early，then you will have less stress．
Be business-like about your education．If you had a job you would have to go to your job at 9 am and stay there until 5pm．（53）DIf you did the same thing in college，you would be great．Go to class，go to the library，study seriously，at 5 pm put away the books and go home．Once in a while you might have to work late，just like at a real job．
（54）FEveryone studies in different ways．Some can study with a lot of noise and others want silence．Some can't even study with music on and some need dead silence．Some like the library and some like to study with friends，or even outside．
（55）B

A．Stay organized．
B．Always try to keep a positive attitude and have confidence．
C．You might get participation points，and the professor will also get to know you better．
D．The rest of the day would be your own time．
E．Use your time effectively and efficiently．
F．Find your own best method of studying．
G．Making friends with your classmates．

8．Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective，say researchers．
Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized，according to researchers．
They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden，when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see．
This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners'perspective had changed．
The study，published in Animal Cognition，conducted tests on eighty-four dogs．
The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners．It wanted to see if dogs had a"flexible understanding"that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human．
It found that when the lights were turned off，dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food．
The study says it is"unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room"when there was no light．Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them．
Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances．
Dr Juliane Kaminski，from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department，said the study was"incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them，meaning they might understand the human perspective"．
Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs'faces，this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions．
"Humans constantly attribute certain qualities and emotions to other living things．We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive，but that's us thinking，not them，"said Dr Kaminski．
"These results suggest humans might be right，where dogs are concerned，but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others'minds．It has always been assumed only humans had this ability．

43．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE？C
A．The researchers made the test on dogs in eighty-four countries．
B．Dogs always obey and don't steal forbidden food．
C．Dogs may adapt their behavior in response to the changed circumstances．
D．The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light．
44．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage？C
A．Dogs---Our Loyal Companions Understand Us Most．
B．Dogs Are Our Best Friends．
C．Dogs Can Understand Us In a Way，Researchers Say．
D．Dogs Have Certain Qualities and Emotions of Human Beings，Researchers Say．
45．Where can we probably read this kind of articles？D
A．Textbooks． B．Advertisements． C．Instructions． D．Magazines．
46．This passage can be classified asD．
A．an argumentative writing B．a feature story
C．a dog show review D．a research result．

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