4．You have broken your promise again!How ______ you expect me to believe you？（ ）
| A． | can | B． | must | C． | may | D． | need |
3．
A century ago，American political leaders judged public opinions by people's applause and the size of crowds at meeting．This direct exposure to the people's views did not（41）Dproduce accurate knowledge of public opinions．It did，however，give political （42）Fleaders in their public support．
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas（43）Ceach other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858，two years before they became presidential nominees （总统候选人）．Their debates took place before（44）Ein cornfields and courthouse squares．A century later most presidential debates，although seen by millions，take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios．The public's response cannot be（45）Ifirsthand．This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy．The media provide information to millions of people，but they are not yet so（46）H at providing leaders with feedback from the public．
Is government by acclamation （欢呼、欢迎） possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal？To make up for the（47）K in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves，leaders have turned to science，in particular the science of opinion polling （民意调查）．
It is no secret that politicians and public officials make（48）Ause of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office，what policies to support，how to vote on important issues and types of（49）B to make in their campaigns．President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket，and it is widely believed that he began to（50）J from politics because the polls reported losses in public support．All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls．
| A．extensive B．appeals C．debated D．necessarily E．audience F．confidence G．delicately H．efficient I．experienced J．withdraw K．decline |
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas（43）Ceach other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858，two years before they became presidential nominees （总统候选人）．Their debates took place before（44）Ein cornfields and courthouse squares．A century later most presidential debates，although seen by millions，take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios．The public's response cannot be（45）Ifirsthand．This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy．The media provide information to millions of people，but they are not yet so（46）H at providing leaders with feedback from the public．
Is government by acclamation （欢呼、欢迎） possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal？To make up for the（47）K in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves，leaders have turned to science，in particular the science of opinion polling （民意调查）．
It is no secret that politicians and public officials make（48）Ause of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office，what policies to support，how to vote on important issues and types of（49）B to make in their campaigns．President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket，and it is widely believed that he began to（50）J from politics because the polls reported losses in public support．All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls．
1．Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
Radio began as a point-to-point communication device．In 1919，Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another．Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee．The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph，and they made their money（51）C，not by providing radio as a （52）B but by selling hardware．
In about 1922，radio （53）A into a broadcast mechanism．For broadcasting，in the simple sense，there was a（54）D and it broadcast，and lots of people could hear it．But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers．The stations were（55）C by people who made radios or （56）A，by churches and universities that wanted to get their（57）B out but weren't going to make money．
And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very （58）C today about how this medium was going to（59）D．And in the 20s，Radio Broadcast Magazine （60）A a $500prize for the best essay that answered the question："Who is going to pay for broadcasting，and how？"The winner suggested a （61）B on radio listeners．Now，it sounds a little strange to us，but that's actually the British model．The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets．
There was some discussion about（62）B，and Herbert Hoover，the Secretary of Commerce then，was strongly against this idea．He said it was （63）D that we should allow so great a possibility for service （64）C by advertising chatter．The Commerce Department was（65）A radio at the time．After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure-advertisers wanted to go on with it，people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads，and that's how radio developed as an advertising medium．
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Radio began as a point-to-point communication device．In 1919，Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another．Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee．The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph，and they made their money（51）C，not by providing radio as a （52）B but by selling hardware．
In about 1922，radio （53）A into a broadcast mechanism．For broadcasting，in the simple sense，there was a（54）D and it broadcast，and lots of people could hear it．But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers．The stations were（55）C by people who made radios or （56）A，by churches and universities that wanted to get their（57）B out but weren't going to make money．
And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very （58）C today about how this medium was going to（59）D．And in the 20s，Radio Broadcast Magazine （60）A a $500prize for the best essay that answered the question："Who is going to pay for broadcasting，and how？"The winner suggested a （61）B on radio listeners．Now，it sounds a little strange to us，but that's actually the British model．The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets．
There was some discussion about（62）B，and Herbert Hoover，the Secretary of Commerce then，was strongly against this idea．He said it was （63）D that we should allow so great a possibility for service （64）C by advertising chatter．The Commerce Department was（65）A radio at the time．After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure-advertisers wanted to go on with it，people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads，and that's how radio developed as an advertising medium．
| 51．A．briefly | B．naturally | C．basically | D．eventually |
| 52．A．listener | B．service | C．broadcaster | D．applicant |
| 53．A．developed | B．extended | C．made | D．drove |
| 54．A．magazine | B．platform | C．stop | D．station |
| 55．A．wanted | B．made | C．sponsored | D．sold |
| 56．A．in some cases | B．in return | C．on the contrary | D．on the whole |
| 57．A．way | B．message | C．profit | D．opinion |
| 58．A．critical | B．persuasive | C．familiar | D．great |
| 59．A．communicate | B．broadcast | C．emerge | D．survive |
| 60．A．offered | B．won | C．missed | D．abandoned |
| 61．A．reward | B．tax | C．fine | D．rent |
| 62．A．broadcasting | B．advertising | C．chattering | D．modelling |
| 63．A．essential | B．inconvenient | C．difficult | D．unbelievable |
| 64．A．sent | B．created | C．drowned | D．suggested |
| 65．A．regulating | B．producing | C．providing | D．developing． |