题目内容
17.Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.The mental process is similar.Naturally,this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are,by any standards,good thinkers.The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory.In particular,he showed that all games fall into two classes:there are what he called games of"perfect information",games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks:they don't win by chance,but by means of logic and skills.Then there are games of"imperfect information",like poker,in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of"perfect information".Quite the reverse,business,polities,life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors,which would even puzzle the best poker players.But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance,and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess,not poker.
29.The subject discussed in this text isA.
A.the process of reaching decisions
B.the difference between poker and chess.
C.the secret of making good business plans
D.the value of information in winning games
30.An important factor in a game of imperfect information isB.
A.rules
B.luck
C.time
D.ideas
31.Which of the following can be used in place of"Quite the reverse"in Paragraph 3?D
A.Quite right.
B.True enough.
C.Most unlikely.
D.Just the opposite.
32.In the writer's opinion,when making business decisions one shouldB.
A.put perfect information before imperfect information
B.accept the existence of unknown factors
C.regard business as a game of chess
D.mix known and unknown factors.
分析 本文主要叙述了决策思维的心理过程,决策思维与两种游戏理论有关:perfect information
和imperfect information.实际上生意中的决策更多像imperfect information,要考虑很多未知的因素.
解答 29.A.主旨大意题.根据文章主题段第一段前两句Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.The mental process is similar.可知本文主要叙述的是决策思维的心理过程.故A正确.
30.B.推理判断题.根据文章第二段第二句there are what he called games of"perfect information",gameslike chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks:they don't win by chance,butby means of logic and skills.可知perfect information的游戏不是靠运气,而不是靠推理和技巧.也就是说imperfect information类的游戏依靠的是运气.故B正确.
31.D.猜测词意题.根据前句One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of"perfect information".关于生意的一个错误观点是它能够作为perfect information,实际上做生意是关于imperfect information,说明上下文之间存在转折关系,所以该词意为"恰恰相反".故D正确.
32.B.细节理解题.根据第三段第4句Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors,which would even puzzle the best poker players.可知做出决策思维的时候一定要考虑到那些未知的因素.故B正确.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.