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59. So absorbed ____ in his work that he didn’t realize I was standing behind him.

   A. had he       B. was he         C. he did          D. he was

B

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All plant cells are able to take up water. Even dead ones do to a certain degree. Absorption of water by dead cell walls makes wood swell(肿胀). In common land plants, the living cells of roots take up most of the water. Land plants without roots do exist, however. Those greenish-yellow lichens(苔藓)you see on tree trunks and on rocks in the high mountains have no roots. Half a billion years ago, when water plant started to invade the land, the first primitive land plants did not have roots; they were marsh (沼泽) plants.

Even among the flowering plants, one finds rootless forms. These flowering plants are the so-called higher plants because they evolved more recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale. In the Peruvian desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water exclusively from the dew it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico, one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation of electric wires. These plants get their water from rain, and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves.

Wood swells because of _______.

A. the dead cell walls          B. tiny drops of water entering the dead cell

C. the growth of the cell       D. the death of the cell

From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is arranged according to ______.

A. evolutionary cycles                  B. heights and depths

C. time                                D. kinds

The bromeliad is a plant that _______.

A. has useless roots             B. is a pineapple

C. can grow anywhere           D. takes up water through its leaves

Which of the following is NOT true?

Water plants existed before land plants.

Only living plant cells take up water.

The greenish-yellow lichens are uncommon land plants.

The living cells of roots absorb more water than the rest of the plant.

The most suitable title for this passage is ______.

A. water intake by cells  B. rootless plantsC. plant in the desert   D. higher plants

There are several advantages in planting trees：they firm the soil，soak(渗透) up extra water and take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. However，it now turns out that planting trees could add to global warming. We all know that tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the wind's power. The problem is that some of the dust clouds play an important part in soaking up carbon dioxide.

Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from  dry parts of North Africa and Central Asia. Tons of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface.

Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a tree­planting programme there is successful and the dust supply reduced, the net result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away in the ocean.

Andy，an environmental scientist has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work shows clearly the complexity of the system. For this reason the need is to focus on cutting carbon dioxide giving off rather than doing anything else.

Robert, an American scientist, has  shown that when native grassland areas are invaded by trees, carbon is lost from the soil. “We are studying why the soil carbon disappears，but one theory is that trees do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grass, so less carbon goes directly into the soil from trees.” said Robert.

In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be outweighed by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground.

Countries that plan to fight against global warming by planting trees may have to think again. Solutions to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear，and understanding the Earth's climate is a very great challenge.

60．People usually hold the opinion that ________.

A. huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide

B. planting trees could reduce global warming

C. huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the Earth

D. planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms

61．Andy, an  environmental  scientist, believes  that________.

A. environmental problems are more complex than expected                 

B. trees shouldn't have been planted in dry places

C. dust plays a more important part than trees

D. carbon dioxide is harmful to everything

62．Robert's experiment proves that ________.

A. trees absorb more carbon than grass

B. carbon can turn grass into dust

C. less carbon can make trees grow faster

D. grassland areas should be covered by forests

63．The best title for this passage is “________”．

A. The importance of planting trees

B. The dust clouds soak up carbon dioxide

C. Is it really useful to plant trees to reduce global warming?

D. Why the soil carbon disappears

From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.

With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.

1.Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?

A. No one has come to disturb you.

B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you.

C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.

D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.

2.How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?

A. They resemble human friends exactly.

B. They are unfamiliar types we like.

C. They never desert us.                   

D. They never hurt our feelings.

3.Which of the following is true?

A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books.

 B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up reading.

 C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life.

 D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.

4. The word “weary” means ______.

A. “to attract someone’s attention”     

B. “to distract someone’s attention”

 C. “to make someone very tired”         

D. “to make someone interested”

5.“... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that ____________.

A. in books the world is more accessible to us

B. we can ask to go anywhere in the world

C. we can make a claim to everything in this world

D. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge

 

第三部分：任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

How to be a good listener

Everyone loves a good listener. But there are more reasons to develop the skill of listening than to win hearts or popularity contests.

Listening heals hurts and builds bridges. It gives us the ability to understand and empathize, to view the world from our own point. It can bring us wisdom over and above mere intelligence. But most importantly, it allows us to give the people around us the gifts they crave (渴望) most—a sense of worth.

As it turns out, there’s more to good listening than just keeping quiet and allowing someone to speak. Effective listening is actually a combination of two key communication skills: listening and verifying (确认).

Even when we’ve managed to hear a person’s entire message, we often interpret it wrong—according to our own understanding, experience, or prejudice.

As an effective listener, your goal is to hear and absorb what another has to say……in exactly the way they mean it to be understood. Only then can you respond properly.

This is much easier read than done, so here are a few helpful tips:

1.Give the speaker your full attention.

Stop talking and remove all distractions. Turn off the TV, your phone, or computer. Watch your body language. The way you look at the speaker, or the way you stand or sit, makes a huge difference. The right listening body language communicates that we are listening openly and attentively, and puts the other person at ease.

2.Be patient.

Not everyone is a gifted speaker. Some people take longer to find the right word to make a point. Others are too worried to get their message across properly. If necessary, ask the speaker to explain further. It will help him / her speak more exactly and it will help you hear and understand better.

3.Keep your emotions in check.

If what someone is saying creates an emotional response in you, make an extra effort to listen carefully. When we’re angry, frightened or upset, we often miss key parts of what is being said.

4.Hold your fire.

Don’t jump to conclusions immediately. A good listener doesn’t react until comprehension is complete. If you respond in a way that makes the other person defensive, even if you “win” the argument, you may lose something far more valuable.

5.Even if you think you understand. VERIFY.

Never assume you got the message right. Pause, think about what was said, and then ask “Is this what you meant?” or “Am I understanding this right?”

6.Empathize

Take a moment to stand in the other person’s shoes, to look at the situation from his / her point of view……especially when you’re being told something personal or painful, or something you strongly disagree with. The more shoes you are able to successfully stand in within your life time, the less puzzled you’ll find your life and relationships to be.

 

(71)_____________ of good listening

● (72)__________ hurts.

● Building (73)___________.

● Allowing us to (74)___________ and empathize, and viewing the world in an all-round way.

● Bringing us wisdom over and above mere intelligence.

● (75)_________ the people around us feel worthy.

  Components of effective

listening

●Good listening consists of two key communication skills: (76)__________ and verifying.

 

(77)__________ to be a

good listener

● Listening to the speaker (78)___________.

● Trying to be a ___________ listener.

● Avoiding being affected by your emotions.

● Waiting before you take (80)_________.

● Verifying.

● Empathizing

 

 

How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?

In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that.

Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces, They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks（象牙）, and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.

Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3 –4 days, and can store water in a  “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders – they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung（粪便）of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.

During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine（尿液）to make them muddy!

As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.

1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “           ”.

A．remains in the African countries

B．drinks 120 liters of water a day

C．manages to live in desert areas

D．eats 150 kilograms of food daily

2.Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they _________.

A．rarely ruin trees

B．drink only every 3-4 days

C．search for food in large groups

D．protect food sources for their young

3.The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with __________.

A．stories and explanation

B．facts and descriptions

C．examples and conclusion

D．evidence and argument

4.What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage?

A．Overheating the earth can be stopped.

B．Not all animal species are so adaptable.

C．The planet will become hotter and hotter.

D．Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.

 

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