Flight simulatorrefers to any electronic system for training airplanes, spacecraft pilots and crew members by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely take the plac 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Flight simulator（飞行模拟器）refers to any electronic system for training airplanes, spacecraft pilots and crew members by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely take the place of 36 flight training but to thoroughly make the members familiar with the airplane 37 they suffer 38 danger in actual flight training. Simulation is also useful for familiarizing pilots with new adjustment to 39 planes.

Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were 40 to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft control in three aspects: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa（反之亦然）. Until 1929, however, a truly 41 simulator, the Link Trainer, appeared, designed by Edwin A. Link. 42 , airplane instrumentation had been developed to 43 “blind”flying on instruments alone, 44 training pilots to do so was risky. Pilots could use the equipment for instrument training and the controls 45 instrument guidance so as to keep straight and level flight or control climb or 46 without visual reference 47 any horizon except for the man-made one on the instrument panel（仪表板）. The trainer was improved 48 aircraft technology advanced.

Technological advances during the war, particularly in 49 , helped to make the flight simulator realistic. The use of efficient computers in the early 1950s led to further 50 . It was no longer possible to use a trainer who couldn’t adapt to special environment to prepare pilots to fly anything but the 51 light planes. During the early 1960s electronic digital computers were 52 , and their speed and flexibility（机动性） 53 a great change in simulation systems. Further advances in computer 54 technology, especially the development of simulation, have made it possible to reproduce highly complex 55 conditions.

36．A．actual	B．difficult	C．past	D．interesting
37．A．till	B．when	C．after	D．before
38．A．positive	B．possible	C．necessary	D．negative
39．A．destroy	B．exist	C．land	D．take
40．A．supposed	B．reported	C．discovered	D．designed
41．A．famous	B．excellent	C．effective	D．useless
42．A．From then on	B．From now on	C．By now	D．By then
43．A．permit	B．forbid	C．order	D．need
44．A．for	B．so	C．but	D．or
45．A．on the part of	B．on the basis of	C．on the track of	D．on the watch for
46．A．flowing	B．flying	C．landing	D．diving
47．A．to	B．for	C．on	D．in
48．A．before	B．since	C．as	D．though
49．A．electronics	B．machines	C．energy	D．guns
50．A．simulation	B．improvements	C．training	D．blindness
51．A．latest	B．longest	C．smallest	D．simplest
52．A．deserted	B．refused	C．adopted	D．developed
53．A．brought about	B．brought up	C．brought to	D．brought back
54．A．film	B．television	C．telephone	D．programming
55．A．man-made	B．real-life	C．human	D．plane

36―40 ADBBD 41―45 CDACB 46―50 CACAB 51―55 DCADB

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第三部分：阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

China launched its first manned spaceship at 9:00 a.m. Wednesday, becoming the third country in the world to send a person into orbit after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Astronaut Yang Liwei became China’s first space man.

With a column of beautiful smoke, the Shenzhou V craft cut across a bright northwest China sky at exactly 9:00 a.m. Wednesday and went into orbit 10 minutes later.

China Central Television’s Channel One cut into its regular programming to announce the launch. The station later showed the Shenzhou V streaking(moving very fast)into the sky and disappearing, its tracer billowing (to fill with air and become larger)behind it.

Minutes after the launch, a CCTV announcer said that Shenzhou V and 38-year-old Yang Liwei, an air force pilot since 1983, had “entered orbit at 9:10.” It reported Yang was “reading a flight manual(手册) in the capsule of the Shenzhou V spacecraft and looked composed and at ease.”

The Shenzhou V launch came after four test launches of unmanned capsules that orbited the earth for nearly a week before parachuting back to China’s northern grasslands. Reports said the manned flight was expected to last about 22 hours.

President Hu Jintao watched the launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China’s Gansu Province.

Hu called the launch “the glory of our great motherland and a mark for the initial victory of the country’s first manned space flight and for the significant, historic step of the Chinese people in the advance of climbing over the peak of the world’s science and technology.”

He said that: “The Party and the people will never forget those who have set up the outstanding merit(贡献) in the space industry for the motherland, the people and the nation.”

“The launch of the Shenzhou V is long-awaited by the Chinese people,” Foreign Minister spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said on Tuesday. She said the flight was a key step in the “Peaceful development of space.”

NASA Administrator Sean O’ Keefe also congratulated on China’s first successful human space flight.

41. The following are countries succeeded in sending man into space EXCEPT ____

A. China B. Germany C. America D. the former Soviet Union

42. The underlined word “composed” in paragraph 4 means_____

A. happy B. nervous C. calm D. excited

43. According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. It’s the first time that China has sent up its first manned spaceship.

B. Before the Shenzhou V launched, four test launches of it had moved around the earth.

C. The 38-year-old astronaut was sent into space by China’s ShenzhouⅤspacecraft and landed safely the next day.

D. Yang Liwei is China’s first astronaut in space.

44. The writer quoted(引用) Foreign Minister spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue’s words to express ________.

A. the Chinese have been expecting the successful space launch and it’s a great contribution to the peaceful development of space.

B. a lot of Chinese people are waiting for the launch.

C. this launch is the first time in China.

D. China’s manned spaceship made a peaceful development of space.

45. The description of Yang Liwei tells us that _______.

A. Yang didn’t know what to do and he was looking up a flight manual

B. it’s 10 years since he became an air force pilot

C. Yang entered orbit at exactly 9:00 a.m.

D. Yang trained himself well and felt very satisfied with everything in the space craft

Once upon a time in a land far away, there was a wonderful old man who loved everything：animals, spiders, insects...

One day while walking through the woods the nice old man found a cocoon（茧）of a butterfly. He took it home. A few days later, a small opening appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon.

The butterfly then emerged（露出）easily.

But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract（收缩） in time. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings.

It never was able to fly.

What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were Nature's way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.

Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we were allowed to go through our life without any obstacles, it would cripple us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been.

And we could never fly.

1.In the story, what happened to the cocoon of the butterfly after the man’s help?

A. The cocoon was broken and the butterfly died.

B. The man helped the butterfly out of the cocoon more easily

C. The butterfly couldn’t fly for ever normally.

D. The butterfly should spend more time practicing flying.

2.What would have happened to the butterfly without the old man’s help?

A. It would have died in the cocoon.

B. It would have become a true butterfly.

C. It would have been strong enough to go farther.

D. It would have stopped struggling through the cocoon.

3.The underlined word “cripple” in Paragraph 7 probably means ______.

A. disable B. climb C. enable D. beat

4.What can we learn from this story?

A. Man can never go against nature.

B. It’s necessary to live with some difficulties.

C. One cannot help others without thinking twice.

D. Mankind should take good care of insects.

A Charlotte, N.C., man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. In an attempt to evade policemen after a bank robbery, the Associated Press reports that 20-year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the home of Mary Parnell. Police say he didn’t touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime like robbery—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.

But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

Absolutely, no question about it.

The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应), which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the autonomic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to primitive humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.

The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is toxic in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death. Kidney failure, liver failure, those things don’t kill you suddenly.

By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in intercourse or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead. For about seven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

1. Why the Charlotte, N.C., man was charged?

A. Because he threatened the policemen to kill an old woman.

B. Because he caused an old woman’s terror and she died.

C. Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack

D. Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.

2. Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?

A. The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin A. Samuels.

B. It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.

C. The ancient humans had a superior fight-or-flight response than modern ones.

D. The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.

3.What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?

A. Winning a big lottery. B. Missing a dead family.

C. Watching a horror movie. D. Listening to a sweet song.

4. The purpose of the passage is_________.

A. to explain why people will die of a heart attack

B. to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure

C. to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death

D. to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death

After a long and tiring flight, Mr. Ritz was frustrated at the news ______ his luggage had been sent to Hong Kong by mistake.

A. that B. which C. what D. because

Looking back on China’s road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth. In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years.

After China’s first satellite into the Earth’s orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions(飞行) from 1999 to 2002. The country carried out its first one-piloted space flight in October, 2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough on October 12, 2005, when Shenzhou 6, China’s second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts. What’s more, the landmark(里程碑)spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang, one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept. 25, 2008, leads the country further in its space exploration.

Meanwhile, China’s moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifty years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world’s first man-made satellite, China’s first circumlunar(绕月的)satellite Chang’e 1 took off on Oct.24, 2007, which became the third landmark in China’s space achievements after the above-mentioned manned flights. Chang’e 1 was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to expore mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on Earth. It’s said that the lunar regolith(月壤) is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earth’s energy demands for more than a century. Nearly 3 years later, Oct. 1, 2010 witnessed the launching of Chang’e 2, China’s 2nd unmanned lunar probe(勘探), marking another step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Chang’e 3 and Chang’e 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future.

With great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to China’s greater space achievements.

1. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?

A. China sent its first satellite into the Moon’s orbit in 1970.

B. China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight.

C. By now, altogether 5 astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship.

D. The launching of Chang’e 1 became the third landmark in China’s space achievements.

2. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with information about China’s .

A. landmark spacewalk B. manned Shenzhou missions

C. first circumlunar satellite D. unmanned Shenzhou missions

3.We can infer from the text that .

A. China’s road to outer space has not been very smooth for a long time

B. the lunar regolith is believed to be rich in a clean fuel called helium-3

C. China’s lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007

D. China’s scientists are researching into techniques for soft lunar landing

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Ancient Chinese’s Dream B. China’s Major Space Achievements

C. China’s Moon Exploration D. The World’s Great Expectations

5.The auther’s attitude towards China’s space exploration is _________.

A.negative B.positive C.critical D.indifferent

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