题目内容

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Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation(辐射).

    Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected (探测) by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

    At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being completely by killing masses of cells in important organs (器官). But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed completely. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

     Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

68. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.

A. nuclear mystery              B. radiation detection

C. radiation level                 D. nuclear radiation

69. Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.

A. when it kills few cells             B. if it damages few cells

C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves

D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves

70. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.

A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately

B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later

C. affect the healthy growth of our younger generation

D. lead to all of the above results

71. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?

A. The importance of protection from radiation can be overemphasized (过分强调).

B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.

C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.

D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.

68---71   DBDA

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Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU.

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.

B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.

D. to introduce various energy sources.

Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

A. get rid of the radioactive waste

B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

A. uses a solid semiconductor

B. will soon replace the present ones.

C. could be extremely thin

D. has passed the final test.

The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report  B. book review

C. newspaper ad    D. science fiction story

PART FOUR   WRITING (45%)

It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I’m going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.’ ”

That afternoon, they agreed to be partners, and they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1000. DeLuca rented a storefront(店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1000.

But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.

DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We persuaded ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful; we are opening a second store.’ ” And they did—in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.

But the partners’ learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers(供应商). “It probably took my two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out.” DeLuca says.

And having a goal was also important, “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.

DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.

1.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to__________.

A．support his family

B．pay for his college education

C．help his partner expand business

D．do some research

2.Which of the following is true of Buck? 

A．He put money into the sandwich business.

B．He was a professor of business administration.

C．He was studying at University of Bridgeport.

D．He rented a storefront for DeLuca.

3.What can we learn about their first shop?

A．It stood at an unfavorable place.

B．It lowered the price to promote the sales.

C．It made no profits.

D．It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.

4.They decided to open a second store because they_______. 

A．had enough money to do it

B．had succeeded in their business

C．wished to meet the increasing demand of customers

D．wanted to make believe that they were successful

 

In the year 1986 there was a terrible explosion(爆炸). The explosion was at a nuclear power plant(核电站) in Ukraine. The radiation(辐射) caused a lot of damage. It polluted the soil and other things. People were living in the area when the explosion happened. More than twenty years later those people are still suffering. The influence of the explosion will go on for a long time.

Over two million people still live in that area. Only 56 people died from the explosion but many other problems have been caused because of it. Some types of cancer are more than 200 times above the world average(平均水平). Many children have cancer now and children born with problems have doubled since the accident.

Some people in the United States are worried about the children living in the explosion area. One group has been trying to raise money. They are called the Chenobyl Children’s Project. They want to bring children from Ukraine to the U.S. each summer.

A spokesperson for the group says that radiation is the highest in the summertime so it is a good time to get the children out of the country. They want to help the children get away for a little while. The Project wants them to be safe from radiation.

It costs $1,500 to bring each child to the United States for six weeks. The group raised enough money to bring 28 children to the United States last year. The children were able to do lots of fun things. They enjoyed clean air, healthy food, and plenty of outdoor fun. One little nine-year-old girl who got to come to the United States said that she likes America.

The spokesperson says that the children that come to America during the summer miss less school when they return home because they have a long summer vacation.

1.What can we learn about the explosion that happened in 1986?

A．Children suffering from cancer have doubled since the accident.

B．More than 200 people died in the accident.

C．The influence of the explosion will last for more than 20 years.

D．Millions of people still live in the area where the explosion happened.

2.Why does the group bring children to the U.S. in summer?

A．Because the radiation is the highest in summer.

B．Because children have a long summer vacation.

C．Because the U.S. is the most beautiful in summer.

D．Because traveling in the U.S. in summer costs the least.

3.Which of the following is TRUE about the Project?

A．It brings 28 children to the U.S. every summer.

B．It lets children stay in the U.S. for six weeks.

C．It teaches children useful outdoor skills.

D．It mainly raises money in Ukraine.

4.What does the underlined word in Paragraph1 mean?

A. effort     B affect    C. offer     D. effect

 

It isn’t decided yet __________ a nuclear power station will be built here.

    A. that              B. where            C. what             D. whether

 

Linus Pauling，the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes，was born in Portland，Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962，long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry，especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts，the amino acids(氨基酸)，which are called the“building blocks of life”.In 1950，he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule，a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ，Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security，for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However，the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules，he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on，Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts，The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty，declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones，came into effect on October 10,1963，the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.

  1. 1.

    From the first Paragraph，we learn that Linus Pauling________.

    1. A.
      didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
    2. B.
      is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
    3. C.
      was once badly treated in Washington High School
    4. D.
      chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
  2. 2.

    Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

    1. A.
      The “behavior” of molecules.
    2. B.
      Physical chemistry.
    3. C.
      Biological chemistry.
    4. D.
      The human body.
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty?

    1. A.
      The use of nuclear weapons.
    2. B.
      Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
    3. C.
      Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
    4. D.
      The production of hydrogen bombs.
  4. 4.

    The main idea of the passage is to show________.

    1. A.
      Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
    2. B.
      Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
    3. C.
      Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
    4. D.
      Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace

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