Question

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) are more important than any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia in the middle of her career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.
　　The effect of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral(博士后的) researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to their teaching that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1. 1.
   By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ______
   1. A.
      university researchers know little about the commercial world
   2. B.
      there is little exchange between industry and academia
   3. C.
      few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
   4. D.
      few university professors are willing to do industrial research
2. 2.
   The underlined word “deterrent” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ______
   1. A.
      keeps someone from taking action
   2. B.
      encourages someone to succeed
   3. C.
      attracts people’s attention
   4. D.
      brings someone a financial burden
3. 3.
   What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
   1. A.
      Flexible working hours. 　
   2. B.
      Her research interests
   3. C.
      Peaceful life on campus
   4. D.
      Her fame in academia
4. 4.
   What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
   1. A.
      Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market
   2. B.
      Develop its students’ potential in research
   3. C.
      Help to get financial support from industry
   4. D.
      Get more students interested in the field of industry

Answer 1

CABA
试题分析：
1.推理题：文章首句提到“这在很大程度上是一条单行道”，接下来谈到“同时，大学研究人员去工商业界碰运气很普遍，但是向反方向走的却很少。”这里的“反方向”指的就是“工商业界去大学工作”，由此可知，作者是想用“单行道”来描述“很少有实业科学家去大学工作”这一现象，故答案为C。
2.猜词题：要根据上下文来判断。上文说的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬（pay), 后面接着具体解释：没人能接受换个高校的工作后工资下降。所以deterrent这个词是表明原因的，要么是A选项阻碍因素，要么是C选项促进因素。而从上下文看薪酬是阻碍商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻碍因素，所以选A。
3.该句提到，Helen Lee在事业发展的中期返回学术界的主要原因(Her main reason for..)是想利用那里更大的自由选择研究专题权利，由此可知她是为了她的“研究兴趣”才更换工作的。B选项中Her research interests.对应原文中的“freedom to choose research questions.”所以，答案为B。
4.细节题：问当工业科学家去高校教书时能做什么样的贡献。答案在最后一段：They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate。他们给学术角色的教书方面带来了一些额外的东西，这些东西在学生毕业时可以帮助他们找工作。所以选A：提高毕业生在就业市场上的竞争力。
考点:考查教育类短文
点评;文章介绍了一种社会现象，很多学术界的科学家到商业领域挣钱，但很少工商业界去大学工作，提到Helen Lee在事业发展的中期返回学术界的主要原因，作者提倡这么做，因为这对学生是很有利的。题目要推理的较多，考生一定不能被文章的表面迷惑。