Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the chairman of Sony, was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and speaker and sold headphones with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at refining it. The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman.

Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(蛋奶烙饼)for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron(蛋奶烙饼烤模).So, he tried and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still,when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies he was literally(确实地)laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather disappointed. Bowerman was determined and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.

Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while wondering why. Why couldn’t there be reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor gave him only a C for efforts. However, Smith refined the idea in that class project and eventually turned it into one of the first and most successful overnight mail services in the world——FedEx.

81. What did Masaru Ibuka’s idea turn out to be? (no more than 2 words)

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82. What did Fred Smith’s teacher think of his class project? (no more than 8 words)

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83. From what idea did Bill Bowerman make Nike athletic shoes ?(no more than 9 words)

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84. What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 12 words)

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An epidemic (流行病) of the use of street-culture language broke out in some English exams, according to examiners.

A report said there were “a surprising number of small mistakes” in standard (标准) English. It asked teachers that they should prevent pupils from using "street language and text style", adding, “Most answers require formal expression of language.”

“Many concerns were expressed by examiners about basic errors, often appearing in the work of clearly able students,” the report continued.

It added that the use of street and text language “appeared with surprisingly regularity in the work of students who clearly desired a higher grade”.

“Most answers require formal expression but even when an informal style is appropriate--students should know the examination context and, in particular, should not use street language and text style.” it said.

There is rising concern about pupils’ writing skills, especially among boys. National test results for 11-year-old boys’ writing standards had fallen this year. Only 55 percent reached the level expected of an 1l-year-old by the time they left primary school, the results showed.

Many educationalists are now arguing that teachers should also think of ways of improving writing standards.

The report said spelling was “in general inconsistent (不一致)” and “variety of vocabulary and of sentence structure is often limited”. It went on, “Punctuation (标点符号) errors continue to be widespread.”

However, it added, “Some examiners felt that this year they had met an improvement in the whole structure of students' writing.”

What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The street-culture language is being examined in English exams.

     B. Street language is appearing in the standard English exams.

C. The English say no to the street-culture language in daily life.

D. What the street-culture language is in England.

The underlined word “appropriate” (in Paragraph 5) means “ _______”                                                            

     A. comfortable       B. possible                    C. acceptable               D. valuable    

What problems concerned examiners?                   

A. Small mistakes in spelling and punctuation,         

      B. Limited vocabulary of boy pupils.

      C. Teachers teaching writing skills.

      D. Poor sentence structure, and errors in spelling and standard English.   

How does the author feel in writing this passage?

     A. worried but positive                              B. worried and negative

C. concerned and sad                               D. warm and excited

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

     A. In English exams, most answers require informal expression of language.                      

B. When an informal style is correct, the students are allowed to use it.                            

C. Boys' writing skills are worse than those of girls in England.

D. There is no improvement in the whole structure of students' writing.

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