题目内容

4.Is Positive Thinking Powerful?
The﹩11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed".But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right?Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply stress how unhappy they are.The study's authors,Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick,begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive,they actually feel worse,not better.If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein,you're just underlining his faults.In the 1990s,a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment.The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled,expressing little sympathy for them.When these participants were later praised for their sympathy,they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment,Wood,Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-respect.The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.Every 15seconds,one group of students heard a bell.When it rang,they were supposed to tell themselves,"I am lovable."Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-approval.In fact,their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group,who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them.In the fighting,we not only often fail but can make things worse.Meditation (静思) techniques,on the contrary,can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger,more realistic perspective.Call it the power of negative thinking.

67.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?B
A.There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.
B.Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.
C.The power of positive thinking is limited.
D.Unhappy people cannot think positively.
68.The underlined part in Paragraph 2probably meansC.
A.you are pointing out the mistakes he has made
B.you are not taking his mistakes seriously enough
C.you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent
D.you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults
69.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic?D
A.Self-approval can bring a positive change to one's feelings.
B.People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.
C.It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.
D.Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.
70.It can be learned from the last paragraph thatC.
A.people can avoid making mistakes through meditation
B.different people tend to have different ways of thinking
C.meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy
D.the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了鼓励一个人积极向上总是会有好的结果吗?文章通过一个研究说明这样做未必有我们预料的结果.

解答 67.B.细节题.根据第二段trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.说明我们让人们认为他们积极,实际上可能会有相反的结果,故B正确.
68.C.句意理解题.根据本句If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein,you're just underlining his faults.你告诉他,他学习方面速度慢,但是有潜力,你等于是在加深他认为自己不行的观点,故C正确.
69.D.细节理解题.根据文章第三段"Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-approval"可知强迫人们思考积极的想法可能会降低他们的自尊心;故选D.
70.C.根据文章最后两句Meditation (静思) techniques,in contrast,can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic viewpoint.Call it the power of negative thinking.可知冥想可能是一种很好的心理治疗形式;故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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15.The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand---a system of rapid handwriting,and now it's threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole.When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2011,just 15% of the most 1.5million students wrote their answers in cursive (草写字母).The rest?Block letters.
And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades,frequently 10minutes a day or less.As a result,more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield,all their poems and stories are typed.Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten.Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn't affect their grades.
There are those who say the culture is at a crossing,turning from the written word to the typed one.If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication,does it matter?
It was at University of Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert,written in his unique script.Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers,historians say,because their authenticity (真实性)can be confirmed.Students also find them more fascinating.
The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive (认知的)opportunity missed.Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better-a lifelong benefit.
It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills.At some schools in Prince George's County,elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15minutes a day.They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade,and cursive letters in third grade.
There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological (神经系统的)wiring,learning issues or poor motor skills.Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.

43.What is the author concerned about after 2011SAT exams?B
A.Keyboarding 
B.Handwriting 
C.Shorthand 
D.Block letters
44.A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used toC.
A.show how unique his poem is
B.explain what a famous poet he is
C.prove how valuable handwriting is
D.stress how fascinating the documents are
45.The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue thatD.
A.the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting
B.the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed
C.the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one
D.it doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills
46.According to the author,when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?A
A.Primary school.
B.Kindergarten.
C.High school.
D.College.
12.People are more likely to lie or cheat during the afternoon because self control reduces during the day,according to researchers.
   Volunteers taking part in two experiments where they could benefit by cheating were more likely to do so if the tests took place after midday,researchers found.
   The findings back up previous studies which have shown that our capacity for self-control declines during the day,due to tiredness and repeatedly making decisions.
    Psychologists from Harvard University first showed a group of volunteers various patterns of dots on a computer screen,asking them to decide whether there were more dots on the left or the right hand side.
Instead of being rewarded for getting the answer right,the participants were paid based on which side they chose,earning ten times as much for choosing the right hand side as the left.
   People who were tested after midday were significantly more likely to select the right hand side,even if there were clearly more dots on the left,than those who took part during the morning.
   In a second test,participants were shown a series of word fragments,such as"-ral"and"e-c-"and asked which words they associated with them.
   In morning experiments,participants were more likely to form the words"moral"and"ethical"while during the afternoon the words"coral"and"effects"were most common.
   Further tests conducted online showed that people were more likely to send dishonest messages or claim to have solved an unsolvable problem in the afternoon than in the morning.
   Writing the Psychological Science journal,the researchers said the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards,who always behaved morally during the morning but slipped during the afternoon.
In contrast,those who were able to"morally disengage",or behave unethically without feeling guilty,tended to cheat whatever the time of day.
   Dr.Maryam Kouchaki,one of the lead authors,said:"Unfortunately,the most honest people,such as those less likely to morally disengage,may be the most susceptible (易受影响的) to the negative consequences associated with the morning morality effect."
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74.Volunteers can get more money when theyB
A.gave the correct answer                  B.chose the right hand side
C.chose the left hand side                 D.remembered the patterns of dots
75.Why are participants less likely to form words like"ethical","moral"in the afternoon?D
A.Because their vocabulary becomes smaller.
B.Because they are unwilling to tell the truth.
C.Because the words are the voice of their heart.
D.Because self control declines after midday.
76.The underlined word"pronounced"( in paragraph 10 ) is closest in meaning toC
A.dominated            B.announced            C.marked       D.exposed
77.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A
A.The finding especially applies to those who behave ethically.
B.Mere time of day can lead to systematic failure of organizations.
C.The finding doesn't agree with that of previous studies.
D.People who act morally feel guilty after telling a lie.
19.Last year,A Bite of China,made by CCTV's Documentary Channel,sparked discussion not only on Chinese food,but also on locally made documentary programs.
When you think of documentaries,you may think of them as long,boring programs.But documentaries can be wonderful and bring stories from the real world into our homes.With fascinating footage(影片片段) and stories,documentaries encourage us to think about interesting issues we wouldn't necessarily know about.
So,what makes a good documentary,and what should we pay attention to when we watch one?Here,we offer a few easy strategies to help you get the most out of watching documentaries.
Pay attention to the themes
While watching a documentary,keep your eyes and ears peeled for the themes people talk about and what ideas they focus on.Is it meant to be informative or raise a certain emotional response?
Think critically
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Check the sources
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60.Which of the following is the most proper to describe documentaries?A
A.non-fictional     B.controversial     C.subjective     D.thoughtful
61.The passage is mainly written toB.
A.inform us of factors of good documentaries.
B.help us enjoy documentaries better.
C.introduce ways of making documentaries.
D.help us figure out themes of documentaries.
62.Why is 2016:Obama's America mentioned in the article?D
A.Because the author dislikes Obama.
B.Because it is directed by a writer.
C.Because it is quite popular in China.
D.Because it is a persuasive example.
63.According to the passage,C.
A.it is always difficult to get the themes of documentaries.
B.financial backers often appear in documentaries.
C.it's better to think twice about what is in documentaries.
D.many points of documentaries are not accurate.
9.My friends and I had just finished lunch at a hotel when it started to pour(1)C.When it became lighter,I decided to get my car,which was(2)Aat my office three streets away.
   My friends argued that I shouldn't go,mainly because I was seven months pregnant then.I assured them that I'd be very(3)B.
   I walked out of the(4)Dand started making my way to the car.At the traffic junction,a van stopped and the passenger got off with an umbrella.Before I knew what was happening,he walked right beside me and told me he'd escort(护送) me to my(5)A.I was very embarrassed and declined(辞谢),but he was very(6)C.
During our(7)C,he kept telling me to walk slower,as the ground was(8)B.When we got to the car park,I(9)Ahim and we parted ways.I did not get his(10)Dand may not even recognise him now.Did he (11)D stop for me?I'll never know.
So how did I pay it forward?I was at home when I(12)Btwo Indian construction workers walking in the heavy rain.They were probably on their way to the construction (13)Dnear my estate,which was a long walk in.I went out and passed them an umbrella.I told them they should take the umbrella and(14)Ait.They were very grateful and like me,probably wondered why a (15)Bwas offering such kindness.

1.A.hardlyB.slightlyC.heavilyD.slowly
2.A.parkedB.lockedC.brokenD.repaired
3.A.successfulB.carefulC.joyfulD.stressful
4.A.stormB.garageC.officeD.hotel
5.A.destinationB.homeC.officeD.company
6.A.cautiousB.diligentC.persistentD.reluctant
7.A.talkB.tripC.walkD.work
8.A.roughB.wetC.messyD.dirty
9.A.thankedB.leftC.wavedD.greeted
10.A.umbrellaB.appearanceC.addressD.name
11.A.obviouslyB.accidentlyC.reallyD.purposely
12.A.watchedB.noticedC.searchedD.heard
13.A.equipmentB.stageC.objectD.site
14.A.keepB.carryC.haveD.return
15.A.passer-byB.strangerC.manD.woman
13.Today at 11:00.I will be doing something that some people told me that I would never be able to do.I am graduating from college.
When I graduated from high school,my family had a business so I never thought about getting a college degree.I went straight from my high school graduation to working for my father.After 24years of ups and downs (mostly downs),I decided that I wanted to return to school and earn a degree in Business Administration.
Some people told me that it was too late.Some told me that I was too old.Others told me that I would never be able to pull it off.I had to work full time and take care of my son.But inside I was told something different.
One day while looking up information on how to go about getting into college,a little window popped (弹出) up on my screen.It said,"Do you think you are too old to go back to school?"I clicked on the box and there I found an online college.I spoke to someone in the school and they assisted me in getting loans and grants to pay for it.They told me that I could take classes any way that I wanted so that I could go to work.I also found out that I could attend classes at home so that I could be there for my son.
Now today,almost 2years later,I will not only be graduating but graduating with honors.I have been on the Dean's list for almost the whole time I have been in college.
So for anyone out there who thinks that something is out of reach or impossible,remember this:If I had listened to those people who told me,I couldn't do it then.

41.Why didn't the author go on with education after graduating from high school?A
A.To help her father with the family business.
B.To escape from school life.
C.To experience social life early.
D.To achieve her dream.
42.The underlined sentence"But inside I was told something different"in the passage probably meansD.
A.what others told her was not true
B.someone told her something different
C.the author would have a different life if she tried
D.the author decided to return to school for a college degree
43.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?D
A.The author was grateful for people's help.
B.The author was under big pressure while at college.
C.The author spent most of her time on her studies in the school.
D.The author made great efforts and graduated with honors.
44.The author advises readers toA.
A.do what our hearts are set on
B.return to school after work
C.keep our minds open
D.choose online college education
45.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?B
A.Nothing is possible
B.Listen to your heart
C.Don't believe in other people
D.Success lies in hard work.

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