题目内容

3．Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity．It may be walking，cycling，swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing．It may be a game of some forms-football，basketball，hockey，golf or tennis．It may be mountaineering．
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment．Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks in high mountains？This astonishment is caused，probably，by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure．
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game．There are no man-made rules，as others，as there are for such games as golf and football．There are，of course，rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore，but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people．Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods．
If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports，we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a"team game"．We should be mistaken in this．There are，it is true，no"matches"between"teams"of climbers，but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously teamwork．
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man．He has to fight the forces of nature．His sport requires high mental and physical qualities．
A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year．A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty．But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps．They may take more time than younger men，but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort，and they certainly experience equal enjoyment．

36．What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage？B
A．Soccer and golf．      B．Skiing and skating．
C．Cycling and hockey．   D．Mountaineering．
37．The underlined word"passion"in Paragraph 2could best be replaced byA．
A．strong emotion                 B．good way
C．better feeling                 D．enough affection
38．Mountaineering is a sport，not a game becauseD．
A．it has man-made rules
B．it is too dangerous for climbers
C．it can't bring people joy or leisure
D．it is free for climbers to use their own methods
39．We know from the passage thatD．
A．mountaineering has no appeal for people
B．physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers
C．a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty
D．it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps
40．What is the best title for the passage？C
A．Sports in winter              B．Team work in climbing
C．Mountaineering                D．The quality for mountaineering．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了登山这项运动的吸引人之处和在登山运动中对登山者的要求．

解答 36．B．细节理解题．根据第一段：It may be walking，cycling，swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing可知冬季最受欢迎的运动是滑雪好溜冰．故选B．
37．A．词义猜测题：划线部分句意是那些对攀登又高又难的山有激情的人经常被大家仰视，令大家很吃惊．此处划线词意思是激情、热情，只有A项"强烈的情绪"符合语境．故选A．
38．D．细节题：根据第三段中"it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes"登山者自由选择自己的方式．故选D．
39．D．细节题：根据最后一段中"But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps"但是五六十岁的男人爬上阿尔卑斯山的最高峰也不是不常见，因此D项正确．故选D．
40．C．主旨大意题：通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了登山这项运动的吸引人之处和在登山运动中对登山者的要求；因此最佳标题为登山．故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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16．Everyone has his own way of saying things and his own special expressions．Many everyday American expressions are based （61）oncolors．Red is a hot color．Americans often use （62）itto express heat．They may say they are red hot about something unfair．When they are red hot they are very（63）angry （anger） about something．The small hot tasting peppers found in many Mexican foods（64）are called （call） red hots for their color and their spicy taste．Fast loud music is popular with many people．They may say the music is red hot，（65）especially （especial） the kind called Dixieland jazz．Pink is a（66）lighter （light） kind of red．People sometimes say they are in the pink （67）when they are in good health．The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the （68）twentieth （twenty） century．It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color（69）that/whichshows that they are in good health．Blue is a cool color．The traditional blues music in the United States is （70）theopposite of red hot music．Blues is slow，sad and soulful（深情的）．Someone who is blue is very sad．
14．Gesture may mean something pleasant in one culture，but is highly opposite in another．
Once a man visited a local restaurant in a foreign country．He ordered something on the menu．When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious-looking fried noodles，he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb（大拇指） and forefinger（食指） linked in a circle．Looking angry，the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap．What he did wrong，he wondered．Well，actually the reason is that this sign has quite different meanings in different countries．It means‘OK'，‘good'to Englishmen，French understands it as‘zero'or‘worthless'，while Japanese would read it as‘money'．And don't show this to a Northern Greek．About 2000years ago，ancient Greek have been found showing this gesture as a sexual insult（性侵犯）．It is still thought the same way today．
The gesture‘thumb-up'is also commonly translated differently．In English，it is popularly known as‘OK'．But to most Europeans，it signals the number 1，since they count from 1to 5beginning with the thumb for 1and ending with the little finger at number 5．While American，British and Australian would use the thumb up to show someone needs a ride on the road．
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28．What does the OK signal mean to Japanese？D
A．Good．  B．Zero．  C．Worthless．  D．Money．
29．Why did the waiter in the second paragraph get angry？C
A．The man didn't like the food he ordered．
B．The waiter brought the wrong food．
C．The waiter misunderstood the customer．
D．The man had a fight with the waiter．
30．Which gesture may Americans use to ask for a ride？A
A．Thumb-up．  B．Bow．  C．Hand-shaking．  D．Keeping-the-palm-up．
31．What's the best title of the article？B
A．Funny stories about gestures．
B．Gestures in different cultures．
C．Interesting things around the world．
D．Travel around the world．
11．首先阅读下列文章的提示性图片及简介：
A
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B
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EA Canadian project aimed at creating a genetically engineered pig whose manure would be less harmful to the environment is being halted after failure to find a company willing to bring the animal to market，according to the lead researcher．
 
FScientists have for the first time identified several gene mutations that they say sharply increase the chances of autism，and have found that the risk increases with the age of the parents，particularly the father．
以下是文章的标题，请将相关文章的标题与文章的提示性图片及简介匹配起来．
46．Move to Market Gene-Altered Pigs in Canada Is HaltedE
47．Mind Games：Sometimes a White Coat Isn't Just a White CoatC   
48．A Little Device That's Trying to Read Your ThoughtsB
49．Scientists Link Gene Mutation to Autism RiskF
50．New Estimate Raises Civil War Death TollA．
18．The US government has started a website，Admongo，to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them．It claims to provide visitors with an"aducation"through games and other entertainment．
A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo．"Call me Haiz"，he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it．Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising．
Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities．Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers．
The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things：To identify the advertiser．To know what the advertiser is really saying．And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do．
Children learn these things through a video game．They create their own game character．They can choose different skin colors，hair styles，eye and mouth shapes．Then they begin a trip through ad-land，where there are ads on buses and billboards．The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level．
The Admongo game takes players inside a home，to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found．It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing．
One such area is food marketing．The Federal Trade Commission（FTC） says it is a big business．The FTC estimates that food，drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2009．
The FTC says children are important for three reasons．They buy products．They influence parents and caregivers to buy．And they are the future adult buyers of the products．
A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value．First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children．

66．What is the best title of the text？B
A．The guide of Admongo         B．An aducation website for children
C．A popular online video game  D．A website aimed at children
67．Why did the government start the website？C
A．To attract the biggest market of buyers．
B．To sell the products of its company．
C．To help children know about advertising．
D．To advertise the video game for children．
68．What can players do in the website game？A
A．Choose hair styles for their character．
B．Travel to a supermarket．
C．Eat in a fast-food restaurant．
D．Play video games during the trip．
69．Children are important for advertising because they areB．
A．important for the society 
B．the most potential buyers
C．easily influenced by ads
D．easily affected by poor products
70．According to Michelle Obama，lots of food advertised for children areD．
A．healthy    B．of high nutrition     C．yummy          D．of low quality．
8．Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment．Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons．
Some animals become endangered when their habitats contain resources for humans．For example，commercial forest cutting in the Amazon Rainforest has seriously reduced the population of many animal species and lead to the extinction of other groups．Land itself is an important resource to humans since it provides us with living space，and when people replace animal habitats with human habitats，it can lead to larger loss of natural species．
Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment．Due to water pollution，the baiji，a fresh water dolphin native to China，was declared extinct，meaning it's unlikely the population can recover．Even noise pollution from human activities can lead to the disorder of animal behavior．
Another cause that makes animals become endangered is over-fishing or over-hunting．Over-hunting whales led to near extinction of many species of whales．
The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered．The native species may not defend against a new one，and the effects can be dangerous．In Australia，the introduction of the common house cat led to the extinction of the red-fronted parakeet and has seriously damaged the populations of several small animals．
Introduced species can also bring new diseases with them．As a result，animals become endangered．Native animals may not have the power to fight against non-native diseases，and population levels can suffer．Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals．The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction．
When animals become endangered，the entire food chain can be affected．For example，in 2008 disease seriously harmed the honeybee，which is largely responsible for pollinating（授花粉）  plants，including many fruits and vegetables．Without their pollination，a very large part of the human diet could be reduced．In fact，if the honeybee should become extinct，our life would be affected and billions of dollars would be lost．Therefore，many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man's own self-interest to protect them．

61．The passage is mainly aboutD．
A．ways of protecting animals'habitats
B．effects caused by species endangerment
C．dangers of bringing in non-native species
D．reasons why animals become endangered
62．Which of the following examples shows that environmental pollution may cause species endangerment？B
A．The extinction of the whales．
B．The extinction of the red-fronted parakeet．
C．The decreasing population of the dolphin．
D．The effect of the honeybee on the human diet．
63．Why is it dangerous to introduce a non-native species to a habitat？A
A．Native species are likely to die from the new diseases．
B．It's hard for non-native species to survive．
C．Non-native species will take up more space．
D．Native species are so powerful for non-native species．
64．The California Condor is in danger of dying out because ofB．
A．loss of habitat                                                       
B．harmful chemicals
C．forest cutting                                                        
D．unfamiliar diseases
65．We can infer from the last paragraph thatD．
A．humans are to blame for species extinction
B．small animals mean little to the whole food chain
C．protection of the honeybee has cost billions of dollars
D．humans protect animals for the benefit of themselves．
15．If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station，you don't need to feel surprised．They are a flash mob （快闪族），which is a group of people who come together suddenly in a public place，do something unusual for a brief period of time，and then quickly break up．They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communication network．At a predetermined time，they gather and perform some  distractions（消遣）such as waving their hands and exchanging books．Then，they quickly break up before the police can arrive．Using mobile phones，the flash mob can change its location if the first one has been replaced for any reason．
Bill Lasik，senior editor of Harper's Magazine，organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003and the first successful flash mob came together on June 3，2003-after the first attempt was   foiled at Macy's department store．Lasik claimed that the activity was designed to make fun of hipsters （起时髦的人），and call attention to the cultural atmosphere．
Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people．Such an activity might seem amusing and untrue，but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place．Undoubtedly，flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction．They also have great economic potential，such as using flash mobs to advertise a product．
The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular．People use it to do many things．For example，in 2009，Michael Jackson's fans took part in a flash mob to remember him．Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michael's famous song"Beat It"together．Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory．

21．The underlined word"foiled"in Paragraph 2can be replaced by _B．
A．forgotten         B．prevented        C．announced         D．confirmed
22．What can you learn about the flash mob from the passage？D
A．The flash mob usually breaks up quickly for lacking enough time．
B．Once the place for the activity is determined，it can't be changed．
C．The flash mob can be made use of in many fields just for fun．
D．It gives people the chance to come together to do something unusual．
23．The main purpose of the passage isC．
A．to entertain       B．to encourage       C．to inform       D．to persuade
24．The writer's attitude towards the flash mob isB．
A．negative        B．objective         C．favorable        D．doubtful．
12．During the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States，Christmas was a very different kind of holiday than it is today．There was no set of way of celebrating the day，which was not yet an official holiday．（71）GSome observed Christmas as an important Christian religious day honoring the birth of Jesus．Others celebrated the day with parties，music，drinking and eating．（72）C
（73）FCalvinist Christians banned the celebration of Christmas．But groups such as Episcopalians and Moravians honored the day with religious services and seasonal decorations．
By mid-century，Christian groups began to ignore their religious diffrences over the meaning of Christmas and honored the day in special ways．
Christmas became an important time for families to celebrate at home．More and more Christians Americans also began to follow the European traditions of Christmas trees and giving gifts．Christians believed that the tree represented Jesus and was also a sign of new beginnings．German immigrants brought their tradion of putting lights，sweets and toys on the branches of evergreen trees placed in their homes．
This tradition of setting up a Christmas tree soon spread to many American homes．（74）A As these traditions increased in popularity，the modern trade and business linked to Christmas also grew．
As Christmas became more popular，some states declared the day a state holiday．Louisiana was the first state to make the move in eighteen thirty-seven．（75）B．It was not until eighteen seventy that President Ulysses Grant made Christmas a federal holiday．

A．So did the practice of giving people presents．
B．By eighteen sixty，fourteen other states had followed．
C．And，some communities did not celebrate the day at all．
D．Americans seldom gave each other presents on Christmas Day．
E．But many new American Christmas songs started to become popular．
F．Religion played a big role in how an American might celebrate the holiday．
G．Communities around the country honored the day in different ways．
13．Rather than_______ letters many people would telephone these days．（　　）
A．to writeB．wroteC．writeD．writing

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