第二节简答题阅读短文.根据所要求的字数回答问题. Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart . They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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第二节简答题（共4小题; 10分）

阅读短文，根据所要求的字数回答问题。

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart (购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging (吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假冒的) customers. {007}

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

86. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 13 words)

__________________________________________________________.

87. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)

__________________________________________________________.

88. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)

__________________________________________________________.

89. What do you think of Goldman? (No more than 20 words) _______________________________________________________________________.

86. It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.

87. Because few customers used his carts.

88. Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.

89. He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. / He was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.

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第二节简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.
From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, they will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.
65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )
______________________________________________________________________________
66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )
______________________________________________________________________________
67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )
______________________________________________________________________________

第二节简答题（共4小题; 10分）

阅读短文，根据所要求的字数回答问题。

TV viewers may no longer be able to hear English abbreviations (缩写), like "NBA" (National Basketball Association), from mainland broadcasters.

China Central Television (CCTV) and Beijing Television (BTV) confirmed to China Daily on Tuesday that they had received a notice from a related government department, asking them to avoid using certain English abbreviations in Chinese programs.

The channels, however, did not reveal exactly how many English abbreviations are listed in the notice.

The notice not only limits the use of English abbreviations in sports news, but also in economic and political news. Abbreviations such as "GDP" (gross domestic product), "WTO" (World Trade Organization) and "CPI" (consumer price index) will also be substituted（代替）with their Chinese pronunciations, it said.

The move comes after a growing number of national legislators（立法委员）and political advisors called for preventive measures to preserve（保存）the purity of the Chinese language.

"If we don't pay attention and don't take measures to stop mixing Chinese with English, the Chinese language won't remain pure in a couple of years," said Huang Youyi, editor-in-chief of the China International Publishing Group and secretary-general of the Translators' Association of China.

The restricted use of English abbreviations on Chinese television programs has provoked a debate among scholars.

"It makes no sense to introduce a regulation to prevent the use of English in the Chinese language in the face of globalization（全球化）," Liu Yaoying, a professor at the Communication University of China, said on Tuesday. "It is cultural conservatism（保守主义）。"

"If Western countries can accept some Chinglish words, why can't the Chinese language be mixed with English?"

86. What does the government tell TV stations to do in the notice? (no more than 12 words)

_________________________________________________.

87. In what TV programs English abbreviations are limited? (List three of them)

_________________________________________________.

88. According to Huang Youyi’s opinion, why should we stop using English abbreviations?

(no more than 10 words)

_________________________________________________.

89. “Chinglish” in the last sentence means __________________. (no more than 10 words)

第二节简答题（共3小题，每小题2分，满分6分）

阅读下面短文，根据73-75题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

Shanghai is the largest city in China. About eleven million people make their homes in Shanghai and its suburbs. This extremely large city spreads out along the banks of the Huang Pu River, which flows into the mouth of the Yangtze River about fourteen miles north of here. Large oceangoing ships travel to Shanghai by way of the Yangtze and the Huang Pu.

Shanghai was a small, unimportant city until 1842 when China lost a war with Great Britain. The British realized that Shanghai was in an excellent location to serve as a seaport for the densely（密集） populated Yangtze River Plain. They forced the Chinese to allow English traders to settle on the wastelands outside the city walls. Later, French, American, and Japanese traders also came to Shanghai. The foreigners built whole new sections of Shanghai, including homes, stores, factories, and office buildings. Thousands of Chinese poured into Shanghai in search of jobs. Most of them settled in the old part of the city. As time passed, shanghai became one of the busiest seaports in the world.

73. Where do most people in shanghai make their homes? (回答词数不超过7个)

_________________________________________________________________.

74. What is the purpose of the Chinese people’s coming into Shanghai ?

(回答词数不超过4个)

_________________________________________________________________.

75. Before 1842, what was the Yangtze River Plain like? (回答词数不超过4个)

________________________________________________________________.

第二节简答题（共4小题; 10分）

阅读短文，根据所要求的字数回答问题。

TV viewers may no longer be able to hear English abbreviations (缩写), like "NBA" (National Basketball Association), from mainland broadcasters.

The channels, however, did not reveal exactly how many English abbreviations are listed in the notice.

The move comes after a growing number of national legislators（立法委员）and political advisors called for preventive measures to preserve（保存）the purity of the Chinese language.

The restricted use of English abbreviations on Chinese television programs has provoked a debate among scholars.

"If Western countries can accept some Chinglish words, why can't the Chinese language be mixed with English?"

86. What does the government tell TV stations to do in the notice? (no more than 12 words)

_________________________________________________.

87. In what TV programs English abbreviations are limited? (List three of them)

_________________________________________________.

88. According to Huang Youyi’s opinion, why should we stop using English abbreviations?

(no more than 10 words)

_________________________________________________.

89. “Chinglish” in the last sentence means __________________. (no more than 10 words)

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