All living organisms , their unique identity, have biological, chemical and physical characteristics in common. A. as a consequence of B. for the sake of C. in terms of D. regardless of 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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All living organisms (有机物), __________ their unique identity, have biological, chemical and physical characteristics in common.

A. as a consequence of B. for the sake of

C. in terms of D. regardless of

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The Book Of Life

So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）,and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animal, and other living things covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.

A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international term of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书） of Life （EoL）.The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.

To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that already exist .And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it.

As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school. projects, The site will feature（以……为特色） special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods. Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.

It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new fool will speed up that process.

60．The Web based EoL aims to ___

A．fine out what covers the earth

B．list all living things on Earth

C．work out the number of birds

D．save the existing plants

61．One characteristic of the EoL is that ____

A．it is run by school students

B．it focuses on different types of grass

C．it provides different levels of information

D．it allows non-scientists to review its data

62．In the last paragraph, ”that process” means ___

A．analyzing species

B．creating a new tool

C．collecting data

D．describing species

-What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live, Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
【小题1】 According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by __________.

A．diseases and aging

B．accidents and war

C．accidents and aging

D．heart disease and war

【小题2】 In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in __________.

A．brain cell	B．the Internet
C．medicine	D．human organ

【小题3】Humans may live longer in the future because _________.

A．heart disease will be far away from us

B．human brains can decide the final death

C．the basic materials of cells will last forever

D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine

【小题4】How long can humans live in the future according to the passage?

A．Over 100 years.

B．More than 120 years.

C．About 150 years.

D．The passage doesn't tell us.

Botany, the study of plants, occupies a special position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest (含糊的) of insight. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer productions the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the built up knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.

1. Which of the following statements about early humans is expressed in the passage?

A. They probably had extensive knowledge of plants.

B. They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.

C. They did not enjoy the study of botany.

D. They placed great importance on the ownership of property.

2. What does the comment “This is logical.” In the first paragraph mean?

A. There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor’s knowledge of plants.

B. It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants.

C. It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in pre-industrial societies.

D. Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed.

3. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany begun to fade?

A. People no longer value plants as a useful resource.

B. Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.

C. Research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plants.

D. Direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased.

4. In the second paragraph, what is the author’s purpose in mentioning “ a rose, an apple, or an orchid”?

A. To make the passage more poetic.

B. To give an example of plant that are attractive.

C. To give botanical examples that all readers will recognize.

D. To explain the variety of botanical life.

5. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?

A. The invention of agricultural tools and machinery.

B. The development of a system of names for plants.

C. The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted.

D. The changing diets of early humans.

It is men’s nature to live together in families and tribes(部落), and cities and nations, and therefore men have learned to prize those qualities in each other which make social life the happiest and best.

Of these qualities one of the most important is sympathy－fellow-feeling. If a man had no fellow-feeling, we should call him “inhuman”; he would be no true man. We think so much of this quality that we call a kind man “human”－that is, man-like in his conduct, first to other men, and afterwards to all living things.

If you are cruel to animals, you are not likely to be kind or thoughtfull to men; and if you are thoughtful towards men, you are not likely to be cruel and thoughtful towards animals. This is why the wise man of old wrote, “The merciful man is merciful to his beast.”

What a pleasure it is also to be loved by our pets or domestic animals; and to feel that we are caring for them and are deserving of their love; or to watch the ways of wild creatures, and gradually to make friends with them!

Treating animals kindly does not mean that we must never inflict any pain on them. We ourselves are trained by pains as well as by pleasures; so too, punishment is sometimes needed to train our dogs and horses to obey us. We endure pains at the hands of the surgeon, to cure some wound or to heal some disease; so too, animals must submit to being doctored.

We send out our bravest men to face wounds, sickness and death, for the good of the nation; so too, we let our horses share the risk of battle. For similar reasons, we cannot hesitate to destroy dangerous creatures like wolves and show senseless ferocity(残忍). It is no excuse to say that these animals deserve to be treated cruelly on account of their own cruelty. They are not really cruel, for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness, but because they must do so in order to live.

1.One of the most important qualities of men is fellow-feeling because .

A．you are likely to be cruel and thoughtful without it

B．a man would be inhuman without it

C．men can’t bear any pain on themselves and animals

D．only sympathy makes a man man-like in his conduct

2.The author would probably agree with the following EXCEPT that 　.

A．we must never force any pain on animals

B．some people have to kill some animals in order to live

C．it is human for a doctor to cut off some part from the animals

D．wise men are not only good to men but also to animals

3.What do you think is the title of the passage?

A．Loving your pet. B．Fellow-feeling.

C．Making friends with animals. D．Kindness to animals.

4.Which of the following is inhuman according to the writer?

A．To treat animals cruelly because they are cruel.

B．To train animals.

C．To destroy some of the dangerous animals.

D．To make animals submit to being doctored.

5.The underlined word “inflict” here means .

A．make sb/sth suffer B．forbid

C．punish D．avoid

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Many animal lovers would like to do more to help animals, but aren’t sure where to start or feel like they just don’t have the time. The good news is that there are many simple things you can do to help protect animals.

Think twice before you decide

The decisions you make when it comes to eating meat or other animal products can go a long way toward stopping the killing of animals. Consider eating a vegetarian（素食的） diet. If you aren’t ready to make this change, there are still things you can do. Do not buy animal products from companies known to use practices that go against the law such as using drugs to increase milk production in cows.

Help get the word out

Getting the word out about the problems faced by animals can be as easy as putting up a notice on your car. Also, talk to your friends and family members about important issues that are related to animals. Give some simple advice to a friend with a new pet about the serious pet over-population problem we’re facing. Turn to some books on the subject if you are not so clear about the advice you give your friend.

Write a letter

We’ve all heard the saying, “ The pen is more powerful than the sword”. Put this idea to the protection of animals. If a company has practices or rules that are harmful to animals, write them a letter to let them know you are angry about them, and that you won’t buy their products until they make some changes. Write letters to state and local legislators（立法者） to let them know how important it is that they support legislation that protects animals. Make them know that their actions will have a great effect on your vote.

Be more loving

If you’re considering adding a dog or a cat to your family, think about getting one from a homeless-animal house rather than buying a pet. There are many wonderful animals just waiting for a home. By taking back an animal from there, you will be helping in the fight against pet over-population, as well as giving your money to those who are responsible for taking care of pitiful animals.

Let your actions be an example to others

It may sound simple ,but one of the best ways to help animals is to let your actions speak to the world. You should do the following things first by yourself: Treat all living creatures with respect. Care about your pets and look after them well. Avoid (避免)entertainment places that use animals to perform. Support legislation （立法）that protects animals. All of these things set an example for others to follow.

Title: Ways of ___1.____ animals

Think about your _2._____ carefully	●Don’t eat meat or animal products. ●____3.__ to buy animal products from companies that have illegal practices
Get the word out	●Put up an animal-protection _4._____ on the car ●Talk to your friends and family members about important animal issues ●Give your friends some simple__5.____on the pet over-population problem ●Get help from books if necessary
Write letters	●Let those companies that are doing harm to animals know about your __6.____ ●Let legislators know the __7.___ of their support for legislation that protects animals
Be more loving	●Get a pet from a homeless-animal house
Act as an example to others	●Treat all living creatures with respect. ●Take good _8.____ of your pets ●Do not go to places where animals ____9.____ ●Support legislation which is ___10.____ for animals.

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