题目内容

6.One thinks of princes and presidents as some of the most powerful people in the world; however,governments,elected or otherwise,sometimes have had to struggle with the financial powerhouses called tycoons.The word tycoon is relatively new to the English language.It is Chinese in origin but was given as a title to some Japanese generals.The term was brought to the United States,in the late nineteenth century,where it eventually was used to refer to magnates who acquired immense fortunes from sugar and cattle,coal and oil,rubber and steel,and railroads.Some people called these tycoons"capitals of industry"and praised them for their contributions to U.S.wealth and international reputation.Others criticized them as cruel"robber barons",who would stop at nothing in pursuit of personal wealth.
The early tycoons built successful businesses,often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition.A single company that came to control an entire market was called a monopoly.Monopolies made a few families very wealthy,but they also placed a heavy financial burden on consumers and the economy at large.
As the country expanded and railroads linked the East Coast to the West Coast,local monopolies turned into national corporations called trusts.A trust is a group of companies that join together under the control of a board of trustees.Railroad trusts are an excellent example.Railroads were privately owned and operated and often monopolized various routes,setting rates as high as they desired.The financial burden this placed on passengers and businesses increased when railroads formed trusts.Farmers,for example,had no choice but to pay,as railroads were the only means they could use to get their grain to buyers.Exorbitant (过高的) goods rates put some farmers out of business.
There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials.In 1890Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust.Act,legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts.The Sherman Antitrust Act focused on two main issues.First of all,it made illegal any effort to interfere with the normal conduct of interstate trade.It also made it illegal to monopolize any part of business that operates across state lines.
Over the next 60years or so,Congress passed other antitrust laws in an effort to encourage competition and restrict the power of larger corporations.

25.The Sherman Antitrust ActB.
A.affected only the companies doing business within state lines
B.sought to eliminate monopolies in favor of competition in the market-place
C.promoted trade with a large number of nations
D.provides a financial advantage to the buyer
26.One might infer from this passage that lower pricesA.
A.are more likely to exist in a competitive market economy
B.usually can be found only in an economy based on monopolies
C.matter only to people who are poor and living below the poverty level
D.are regulated by the government
27.It seems likely that many AmericansD.
A.believed that the trusts had little influence over government
B.expected the wealthy magnates to share money with the poor
C.did little to build up American business
D.were worried that trusts might manipulate the government.

分析 本文是一篇议论文,讲述了最初由中国引进的垄断一词,在美国引起了人们和政府的担忧,垄断者通过吸纳其他小型的公司企业来消灭市场竞争,给其他小型企业和消费者带来了沉重的经济负担,针对此危机,美国实施一些法律旨在消除垄断,鼓励促进市场上的正常竞争.

解答 BAD
25.B 细节理解题.由文中 In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust.Act,legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts.国会通过the Sherman Antitrust.Act了,该法律旨在分解垄断权力,而且从第二段The early tycoons built successful businesses,often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition.可知,垄断者会吸纳市场上的小公司,消除竞争.故分析出the Sherman Antitrust.Act旨在消除垄断权力,促进市场竞争,故选项B符合.
26.A 推理判断题.题目是提供给消费者价格越低的公司,会怎么样.由文中最后一段,在接下来的60年,国会会通过一些其他反垄断的法律,努力鼓励促进市场竞争,限制大型企业的权力.而由文中可知,大型的垄断企业,提供的价格会越高,所以可推断出提供价格越低的企业,更有可能在竞争性的市场中存活下来,故选A项.
27.D 细节理解题.通过最后一段第一句There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials可知,美国人担心垄断者会操纵政府;故选D.

点评 做本题时,首先要快速浏览全文,把握文章的主旨大意,理清作者的写作思路;然后结合上下文,逐句分析,并正确理解题干的意思;最后结合选项中内容,找到符合文意的选项.

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1.The air pollution was so bad in Harbin,in C hina,on October 21,2013 that the city had to close roads and schools,and cancel hundreds of flights from its airport.
News reports said the smog (a mixture of smoke and fog) was so thick that people couldn't see more than 10 or 20 metres in front of them.
It is also said that people could not even see the person standing next to them.The city's website said:"You can't see your own fingers in front of you."
The local people said there was a"burning"smell in the air.Many people covered their noses and mouths with scarves or masks.
The pollution was caused on several factors including:farmers burning off old corn s talks and crop stubble; coal-fired heating systems; and low winds that allowed the smoke to remain over the city.
The smog had been building up for several days.It became worse when the city turned on the public heating system,which uses coal to heat millions of homes and offices in the city.
Harbin has a population of more than 10 million people.It lies in northeastern China,where cold winter weather can last up to six months.The main fuel there is coal,because it is cheaper than other types of fuel.
Air pollution from burning coal can cause health problems like heart disease.During the smog crisis*in Harbin,the number of people taken t o the hospital with breathing problems was 30% higher than usual.
The city government is trying to reduce its use of coal by adding more insulation and better roofs and windows to buildings to reduce heating needs.It has also used cleaner fuel for cars and factories.
32.The roads and schools in Harbin had to be closed on October 21,2013 because ofC
A.the heavy rain     
B.the strong wind      
C.the serious smog    
D.the terrible snow
33.There are many reasons for the air pollution EXCEPTD.
A.farmers burn off old corn stalks and crop stubble
B.people use coal to heat millions of homes and offices
C.The smoke remains over the city because of low winds
D.Many buses and cars use cleaner fuel and so do factories.
34.What is the government trying to do when the air pollution get worse?C
A.To offer cars new fuel.
B.To give people more masks.
C.To reduce its use of coal.
D.To ask people to stay at home.
35.What does the passage mainly tell us?A
A.The serious air pollution in China       
B.Coal-fired heating systems
C.The population crisis i n Harbin         
D.The reasons for heart disease.
1.In less than 60 years the people of my tribe have gone from being an independent nation,to cultural prisoners,to welfare recipients (享有者).Is it any wonder that there are so many problems facing indigenous (土著的) Australians today?
When I was growing up in Kowanyama there were 15people in my class,I am the only one who has gone to university.I'm also the only girl in my class who did not have a child at 15.Of the boys in my class,seven have been incarcerated,two for murder,five for robbery and rape.Only three of us are not alcoholics.Four of my classmates have committed suicide.
Life as a young aborigine is not easy,in any setting.The story of my fellow students is a lesson in the magnitude of the problems that young indigenous people in Cape York face.
The two issues that are central to changing this story are education and health.There is a huge gap between what we get in communities and what other kids get in cities.
One of the problems facing education in remote indigenous schools is that teachers tend to be just out of training and stay for only a year or two.Not one teacher stayed for the whole of my nine years at school-not even the principals.This seeming lack of commitment makes you feel they don't care.
We need to review the curriculum in these communities because it is pitched at a very low level.I have had to draw the conclusion that governments and educationalists see us as less than white people.
Education should be uplifting,not serve to reinforce lack of self-esteem and the heart-wrenching low expectations that our race suffer from.
We need a massive reassessment of,education policies and an equally massive investment in education.We have spent so long listening to some white fellows telling us we are stupid,lazy no-hopers that the majority of my people actually believe it.
The relationship between poor education and poor health is clear.People whose self-esteem and pride have been destroyed by a substandard education system and a social system that creates an addiction to passive welfare have little reason to live healthy lives.Our health is getting worse.
The policies that determine the delivery of health services are deeply flawed by a bureaucracy (官僚作风) that does not want to hear our voices.Health services are often confined to the clinic.
It is problems and challenges such as these that led me to stand in last October's ATSIC election.ATSITC is more than the board of commissioners and the Canberra bureaucracy.ATSIC is also people who are from community and work hard for community.
We recognize that governments cannot solve our problems for us.As young people we are trying to take responsibility for our future.I ask the Prime Minister,not that he fixes these problems for us but that he and his Government see us as equal partners in the huge task of rebuilding our families,communities and Cape York Peninsula.
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I am asking you to help lift that blanket.
I stand here as a proud Aboriginal woman,a Kokoberra woman as well as a criminologist,and I thank you for your time and attention.
Tania Major,22,is an ATSIC regional councilor and a trainee manager at her home community of Kowanyama on Cape York.
This is an edited version of an address she is scheduled to give at a meeting between the Prime Minister and Cape York leaders (full text at smh.com.an).

66.Which of the following words can best describe Tania's tone?C
A.Regretful     
B.Depressed      
C.Serious    
D.Humorous
67.The underlined word"incarcerated"in Paragraph 2is closest in meaning toA.
A.criticized  
B.killed  
C.dismissed  
D.imprisoned
68.We can infer from the passage that in AustraliaC.
A.few teachers are willing to work in indigenous schools because they are poorly paid
B.the curriculum in indigenous schools has to be easier otherwise the students will fail
C.the undereducated aborigines are considered to be lazy and dependent on welfare
D.a good education can help the aboriginal people to learn to set high expectations
69.Who.do you think are Tania's audience?D
A.Aboriginal people.
B.Young boys and girls in Kowanyama.
C.Teachers and principals.
D.The prime minister and the Cape York leaders..
70.What is the main idea of the passage?B
A.ATSIC doesn't serve the people because of its incompetence and bureaucracy.
B.The aboriginal people can learn to be responsible for their future if treated equally.
C.The government has adopted fresh policies related to the delivery of health services.
D.The biggest problems facing the aboriginal people are domestic violence and child abuse.
11.Enjoy an unforgettable day in the French capital on this luxury day trip from London to Paris,with an included Champagne lunch at the Eiffel Tower!Travel on Eurostar from St Pancras International and enjoy a panoramic(全景的)sightseeing tour taking in Paris'top sights.
Highlights
/Romantic experienee,perfect for couples
/Round-trip fares
/Travel by boat and see the sights from the water
/Lunch included
Make your own way to St Pancras International station and meet your professional guide.The departure time is 6am.Board the Eurostar and relax as it takes you to Paris in Just over 2hours.If you wish,upgrade to 1st Class and enjoy breakfast served on board and dinner on your return joumey.
Once you arrive in Paris,join your guide on an air-conditioned coach for a patioramic sightseeing tour.See top Paris attractions such as the Champs-?lysées,Arc de Triomphe and Opera House as you hear fascinating facts about the city.
Next,arrive at the Eiffel Tower for your Champagne lunch.Skip the possible long admission lines with your fast-aecess ticket and ride the elevator to the stylish 58Tour Eiffel restaurant on the first floor.Take your seat and enjoy a glass of Champagne and delicious 2-course lunch with the full views of the city providing a truly magical baekdrop!
Afterward,enjoy a 1-hour sightseeing tour along the Seine River.Take photos and listen to the helpful commentary as you pass sights,such as soaring Notre Dame Cathedral and the island,?le de la Cité
Next,either choose to use some free time to shop or sightsee,or take a guided visit to the magnificent Louvre Museum(own expense)to see Leonardo da Vinci's exquisite Mone Lisa and other masterpieces.
In the late afternoon,return to Gard du Nord,station and catch the Eurostar back to St.Pancras.Your tour ends when you arrive at around 8:30pm.
32.Where will the tourists have their lunch?A
A.At the Eiffel Tower.    
B.At St Pancras International.
C.At the Champs?lysées
D.On the Seine River.
33.Who are most likely to show interest in the tour?C
A.College students.    
B.Champagne lovers.
C.Loving couples.
D.Professional photographers.
34.In order to enjoy the dinner on the Eurostar,you shouldD.
A.pay extra dinner fees    
B.place an order beforehand
C.arrive earlier at Gard du Nord station 
D.upgrade to 1st Class of the Eurostar.
35.We can learn from the passage thatB.
A.the back trip fares are not included in the total fees
B.you should pay extra money for seeing Mona Lisa
C.everyone should wait in line for the lunch
D.the sightseeing along the Seine River will take the most time.
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But the dangerous crowds aren't the only problem on Qomolangma.All those climbers need to bring a lot of gear-much of them ends up being left on the mountain,sometimes even the peak itself.Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world's tallest rubbish dump.Here's mountaineer Mark Jenkins writing in National Geographic about the state of Qomolangma:"The two standard routes,the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge,are not only dangerously crowded but also badly polluted."
But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking it upon themselves to clean up Qomolangma.Mountaineer Paul Thelen and his friend Eberhard Schaaf are part of the annual Eco Everest Expedition,which has been cleaning up rubbish from base camps to the peak since 2008.So far they've collected over 13tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for a higher purpose.As part of the Mount Everest 8844Art Project,a group of 15artists from Nepal collected 1.5tons of garbage brought down the mountain by climbers.They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks-in one case,part of the remains of a helicopter-into 74pieces of art that have already gone on exhibition in Nepal's capital.Part of the profit from sales will go to the Everest Peakeers Association,which has helped collect tons of rubbish off the mountain.

8.What do we learn about the bottlenecks on the way to Mount Qomolangma's peak?B
A.They are relatively safe.
B.They are often crowded.
C.They are very easy to pass.
D.They are sites of base camps.
9.What does the underlined word"gear"mean?A
A.Useful equipment for climbing mountains.
B.The water from the mountain.
C.Some important machines used for the bottlenecks.
D.Some cans and oxygen tanks found on the mountain.
10.The group of 15Nepali artistsB.
A.created works of art using rubbish from Qomolangma
B.were employed by the Everest Peakeers Association
C.climbed Qomolangma and collected 1.5tons of trash
D.painted 74beautiful pictures of Mount Qomolangma's peak
11.What can be the best title for the text?B
A.Test Yourself Against Qomolangma              B.Qomolangma has Become a Huge Mess
C.Eco Everest Expedition Proves Successful      D.How to Climb Qomolangma.
15.As humans,we are also considered as animals sometimes!But unlike other animals,we have not had to fit the environment in which we live.Instead,we have been the shaper (改造者) of our environment and explorer of nature.While other animals must find a home,we have created our home wherever we are living.We have fitted ourselves in a variety of environments.
Our skill at doing this has been due to our imagination,creativity and enthusiasm.If we chose to live in the desert,we learned how to save water,build a home among the rocks and mountains and depend on animals rather than vegetables for our food.Sometimes it was necessary for us to follow the animals as they moved,in order not to lose our source of food.
Living in a place where there was plenty of rain and  mild temperatures,we learned that we could plant a greater variety of crops,raise a few animals in a smaller,more contained area and not have to move our home.We have been able to live wherever we choose because we have not accepted the limitations of a particular environment,or rather,we have made the environment fit our needs.

56.Humans can live where they want to because theyB.
A.have enough materials to build homes
B.can use what exists in nature to fit their needs
C.have plenty of food from plants and animals everywhere
D.can find a home easily
57.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?C
A.Animals had to fit their environment.
B.People who lived in the desert mainly ate meat.
C.Humans always had to follow the animals for food.
D.Environment was made to fit human needs.
58.The underlined part"mild temperatures"means it isD.
A.cold                                   B.hot
C.sometimes cold and sometimes hot       D.neither too cold nor too hot
59.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A
A.Humans and Nature.
B.Animals and Environments.
C.Protecting Nature.
D.Humans and Animals.
16.One warm May day,two eighteen-year-old students from San Francisco State College decided to cool off with a swim at Bakers'Beach.The two students were named Robert Kogler and Shirley O'Neill.They headed out to sea for a distance of 50 metres.Robert was in front.
"Suddenly,I heard him scream,"Shirley recalls."I looked round and saw this great grey thing going up in the air.The water seemed to be alive."
         Robert sereamed again."It's a shark!Get out of here!"
         An eye-witness,Army Sergeant Leo P.Day was on guard at the nearby army post.He saw exactly what happened next."I could see this boy struggling with the shark in the water,"he said."The sea was red with blood.He was shouting and signalling someone to go back,go back.Then I saw the girl.She was swimming towards him.She completely ignored his warning."
         Shirley reached Robert,and tried to take his hand.
"When I pulled,all I could see was his arm,handing by a thread,"she said.
         So she put her arm about Robert's back,and started to swim towards the shore.She kept praying"Don't'let it attack again!"That journey to the shore seemed to last for hours.At last,as they neared the shore,a fisherman threw them a line,and pulled them both the rest of the way.
         The young man had lost a lot of blood,and died two and a half hours later,From the teeth marks,experts identified the attacker as a Great White Shark.
         For what Sergeant Day called"the greatest exhibition of bravery I have ever seen,"the President of the US gave Shirley a medal for bravery.
56.When Albert was attacked by a shark ShirleyA.
A.was swimming in the sea
B.was watching him on the shore
C.was on guard at the nearby army post
D.was shouting and struggling with a shark,too
57.Choose the right time order of the following events in the story.D
a.Army Sergeant saw the girl swimming to the boy.
b.Shirley saw a great grey thing.
c.They headed out to sea.
d.Robert died.
e.A fisherman threw them a line.
f.He saw a boy struggling with a shark.
A.b,c,e,d,f,a               
B.c,a,f,d,e,b               
C.b,c,f,a,d,e               
D.c,b,f,a,e,d
58.We can learn from the passage thatA.
A.the two students were brave and considerate
B.the fisherman was adventurous and helpful
C.the experts didn't do much research on sharks
D.the Sergeant cared too much about his own life.

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