题目内容
6.One thinks of princes and presidents as some of the most powerful people in the world; however,governments,elected or otherwise,sometimes have had to struggle with the financial powerhouses called tycoons.The word tycoon is relatively new to the English language.It is Chinese in origin but was given as a title to some Japanese generals.The term was brought to the United States,in the late nineteenth century,where it eventually was used to refer to magnates who acquired immense fortunes from sugar and cattle,coal and oil,rubber and steel,and railroads.Some people called these tycoons"capitals of industry"and praised them for their contributions to U.S.wealth and international reputation.Others criticized them as cruel"robber barons",who would stop at nothing in pursuit of personal wealth.The early tycoons built successful businesses,often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition.A single company that came to control an entire market was called a monopoly.Monopolies made a few families very wealthy,but they also placed a heavy financial burden on consumers and the economy at large.
As the country expanded and railroads linked the East Coast to the West Coast,local monopolies turned into national corporations called trusts.A trust is a group of companies that join together under the control of a board of trustees.Railroad trusts are an excellent example.Railroads were privately owned and operated and often monopolized various routes,setting rates as high as they desired.The financial burden this placed on passengers and businesses increased when railroads formed trusts.Farmers,for example,had no choice but to pay,as railroads were the only means they could use to get their grain to buyers.Exorbitant (过高的) goods rates put some farmers out of business.
There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials.In 1890Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust.Act,legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts.The Sherman Antitrust Act focused on two main issues.First of all,it made illegal any effort to interfere with the normal conduct of interstate trade.It also made it illegal to monopolize any part of business that operates across state lines.
Over the next 60years or so,Congress passed other antitrust laws in an effort to encourage competition and restrict the power of larger corporations.
25.The Sherman Antitrust ActB.
A.affected only the companies doing business within state lines
B.sought to eliminate monopolies in favor of competition in the market-place
C.promoted trade with a large number of nations
D.provides a financial advantage to the buyer
26.One might infer from this passage that lower pricesA.
A.are more likely to exist in a competitive market economy
B.usually can be found only in an economy based on monopolies
C.matter only to people who are poor and living below the poverty level
D.are regulated by the government
27.It seems likely that many AmericansD.
A.believed that the trusts had little influence over government
B.expected the wealthy magnates to share money with the poor
C.did little to build up American business
D.were worried that trusts might manipulate the government.
分析 本文是一篇议论文,讲述了最初由中国引进的垄断一词,在美国引起了人们和政府的担忧,垄断者通过吸纳其他小型的公司企业来消灭市场竞争,给其他小型企业和消费者带来了沉重的经济负担,针对此危机,美国实施一些法律旨在消除垄断,鼓励促进市场上的正常竞争.
解答 BAD
25.B 细节理解题.由文中 In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust.Act,legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts.国会通过the Sherman Antitrust.Act了,该法律旨在分解垄断权力,而且从第二段The early tycoons built successful businesses,often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition.可知,垄断者会吸纳市场上的小公司,消除竞争.故分析出the Sherman Antitrust.Act旨在消除垄断权力,促进市场竞争,故选项B符合.
26.A 推理判断题.题目是提供给消费者价格越低的公司,会怎么样.由文中最后一段,在接下来的60年,国会会通过一些其他反垄断的法律,努力鼓励促进市场竞争,限制大型企业的权力.而由文中可知,大型的垄断企业,提供的价格会越高,所以可推断出提供价格越低的企业,更有可能在竞争性的市场中存活下来,故选A项.
27.D 细节理解题.通过最后一段第一句There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials可知,美国人担心垄断者会操纵政府;故选D.
点评 做本题时,首先要快速浏览全文,把握文章的主旨大意,理清作者的写作思路;然后结合上下文,逐句分析,并正确理解题干的意思;最后结合选项中内容,找到符合文意的选项.
A. | wander | B. | wandered | C. | to wander | D. | wandering |