Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.

Film cameras

After all, a film camera is basically a light – proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (镜头) system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.

Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film.

    When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!

    Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.

Digital cameras

    In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor (传感器) called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts(转变) light and color into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

       A.Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film.

       B.All cameras have a sensor.

       C.Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .

       D.Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths.

In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _____.

       A.light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter

       B.you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog

       C.the image of the dog is not created

       D.the sensor fails to convert light and color into a digital information

The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ ___.

       A.they use digital cameras  B.the lens of their cameras is excellent

       C.their focus lenses are short      D.their focus lenses are long

Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ____.

       A.closely related to the quality of the CCD

       B.irrelevant to the quality of the CCD

       C.closely related to the lens

       D.irrelevant to the lens

Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to in order to pay the high tuition for my brother and me. They don’t act in the  ways that I read in books or I see on TV. In their opinion, “I love you” is too  for them to say. Sending flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is even more out of .One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a question to ask you. Is there  between you and Dad?” I asked her in a very low voice. She didn’t answer immediately. She  her head and continued to sew the quilt.

  I was very worried because I thought I had  her. I was  and I didn’t know what I should do. But at last I heard my mother say the following words: “Susan,” she said thoughtfully, “Look at this thread.Sometimes it , but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt . If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread.It can hardly be seen , but it’s really there. Love is.” I listened carefully but I  her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly  seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked. It seemed both of them had had a serious illness. After they were back, every day in the morning and dusk, my mother helped my father  on the country road.

  “Dad, how are you feeling now?” I asked him one day.

  “Susan, don’t  me.” he said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like walking with your mom.”  his eyes, I know he loves my mother deeply.

  Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and . But from this experience, I understand that love is just  in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.

A. keep fit        

B. rise early

C. collect money

D. earn money

A. romantic       

B. magic  

C. fantastic

D. attractive

A. simple

B. luxurious

C. relaxing

D. easy

A. question

B. control

C. reach

D. the question

A. feeling

B. quarrel

C. love

D. smile

A. bowed

B. shook

C. nodded

D. raised

A. harmed

B. injured

C. wounded

D. hurt

A. in great surprise

C. in a great embarrassment

B. with deep depression

D. at extreme sorrow

A. appears

B. comes about

C. happens

D. occurs

A. warm and soft

B. strong and durable

C. thin and cool

D. hot and hard

A. somewhere and sometime

C. anywhere or anytime

B. more or less

D. here and there

A. outside

B. inside

C. faraway

D. nearby

A.couldn’t understand

C. wouldn’t recognize

B. might know

D. could believe 

A. threw up       

B. got stuck

C. got sick

D. became disabled

A. much surprised

B.quite healthy

C. fairly red

D. very pale 

A. jump high      

B. walk slowly

C. run fast

D. go hurriedly

A. think about       

B. talk with

C. laugh at

D. worry about

A. Saying

B. Seeing  

C. Reading 

D. Writing

A. fresh r oses     

B. gold ring

C. sweet kisses

D. beautiful jewelry

A. a needle

B. a thread

C. the cloth

D. the cotton

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