题目内容

10．If your friend and family get fat，chances are you will，too．Researchers report in a new study that suggests obesity is"socially contagious（传染性的）"and can spread easily from person to person．
The large，federally funded study found that to be true even if your loved ones lived far away．Social ties seemed to play a surprisingly strong role，even more than genes are known to do．
"We were shocked to find that friends who are hundreds of miles away have just as much impact on a person's weight status as friends who are right next door．"Said coauthor James Fowler of the University of California，San Diego．
The study found a person's chances of becoming fat went up 57percent if a friend did，40percent if a sibling（兄弟姐妹） did and 37percent if a spouse（配偶） did．
Researchers think it's more than just people with similar eating and exercise habits hanging out together．Instead，it may be that having relatives and friends who become obese changes one's idea of what is an acceptable weight．
Despite their findings，the researchers said people should not stop their friendships．"There is a ton of research that suggest that having more friends makes you healthier，"Fowler said．"So the last thing that you want to do is get rid of any of your friends．"
The study was published in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine and funded by the National Institute on Aging．
Obesity is a global public health problem．About 1.5billion adults worldwide are overweight，including more than 400million who are obese．Twothirds of Americans are either overweight or obese．
Much of the recent research focus has been on the intense hunt for obesity genes involved in appetite or calorie burning．Treatment has been mainly centered on helping individuals curb（抑制） their weight through better diet and fitness．The findings could open a new way for treating this worldwide obesity．The researchers said it might be helpful to treat obese people in groups instead of just the individual．

72．Treating obesity at present is mainly byC．
A．not keeping in touch with your relatives and friends
B．taking some lossweight pills
C．going on proper diets and having right exercise
D．getting rid of obesity genes involved in appetite or calorie burning
73．According to the new study，obesity is"socially contagious"，which seems to be mainly  caused byB．
A．genes   B．social ties   C．living conditions   D．diets
74．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6mean？A
A．It is unwise for us to get rid of any of our friends because of obesity．
B．The best way of preventing obesity is to get rid of any of our friends．
C．If we want to keep fit，we must get rid of some friends．
D．We must make a good choice between obesity and friends．
75．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．The new study suggests about 1.5billion people worldwide are overweight．
B．Gene is one of the factors that have something to do with obesity．
C．Friendship and obesity are both of great importance．
D．It might be helpful to treat obese people just as the individual instead of in groups．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了根据新的研究，肥胖是"社会传染的"，但是因为肥胖而抛弃我们的朋友是不明智的，我们要科学对待．

解答 72．C．细节理解题．根据最后一段：Treatment has been mainly centered on helping individuals curb（抑制） their weight through better diet and fitness可知目前治疗肥胖的方法主要是合理的饮食和适当的锻炼；故选C．
73．B．细节理解题．根据第二段：Social ties seemed to play a surprisingly strong role，even more than genes are known to do可知根据新的研究，肥胖是"社会传染的"，这主要是由社会联系导致的；故选B．
74．A．句意理解题．根据第六段：So the last thing that you want to do is get rid of any of your friends可知我们因为肥胖而抛弃我们的朋友是不明智的；故选A．
75．B．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段：Much of the recent research focus has been on the intense hunt for obesity genes involved in appetite or calorie burning可知基因是与肥胖有关的因素之一；故选B．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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1．A．Corn Dollies．
B．Celebrations in churches．
C．A big meal called a harvest supper．
D．Thanksgiving ceremonies and celebrations in England．
E．History of Harvest Festival．
F．When is Harvest Festival？

76．D
In England，we have given thanks for successful harvests since pagan times．We celebrate this day by singing，praying and decorating our churches with baskets of fruit and food in a festival known as"Harvest Festival"，usually during the month of September．Harvest Festival reminds Christians of all the good things God gives them．This makes them want to share with others who are not so fortunate．
77．F
Harvest festivals are traditionally held on or near the Sunday of the Harvest Moon．This moon is the full moon which falls in the month of September，at or around the time of the Autumnal Equinox，about Sept.23．Unlike the USA and Canada，the UK does not have a national holiday for Harvest Festival．
78．E
Harvest Festival used to be celebrated at the beginning of the Harvest season on 1st August and was called Lammas，meaning"loaf Mass"．Farmers made loaves of bread from the new wheat crop and gave them to their local church．They were then used as the Communion bread during a special mass thanking God for the harvest．The custom ended when Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church，and nowadays we have harvest festivals at the end of the season．
79．B
The tradition of celebrating Harvest Festival in churches as we know it today began in 1843，when the Reverend Robert Hawker invited parishioners to a special thanksgiving service for the harvest at his church at Morwenstow in Cornwall．Victorian hymns such as"We plough the fields and scatter"，"Come ye thankful people，come"and"All things bright and beautiful"helped popularise his idea of harvest festival and spread the annual custom of decorating churches with home-grown produce for the Harvest Festival service．
80．A
The making of corn dollies goes back many thousands of years．It was a Pagan custom and evolved from the beliefs of the corn growing people who believed in the Corn Spirit．Corn dollies were made at Harvest time from the last sheaf of corn cut．The Corn Spirit was supposed to live or be reborn in the plaited straw ornament or corn doll and was kept until the following spring to ensure a good harvest．The corn dolly often had a place of honour at the harvest banquet table．
18．Body language has always been a hot topic of interesting dinner conversations．It is perhaps one of the most powerful forms of human expression or human communication!
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56．The underlined word"constitute"in Paragraph 2probably meansA．
A．make up
B．set up
C．turn up
D．put up
57．From the third paragraph，we can learnC．
A．what body language is
B．how to use body language
C．body language is very useful
D．body language is very impressive
58．We are advised to observe the body language of other people toB．
A．to remember everything they say
B．understand the hidden meaning
C．draw their attention to them
D．show respect for them
59．Which of the following is NOT true about body language？D
A．It is a part of communication．
B．It helps us communicate more effectively．
C．It sometimes tells more than spoken language．
D．It's only needed when we have nothing to say．
5．Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing．However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom．So did the king of England in 1546．Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way．Henry IV，king of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century．Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health．Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease．Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II．Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine．Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease．On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist （免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system．And the latter position is gaining some ground．

47．The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses becauseC．
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
48．Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing？A
A．Afraid   B．Curious   C．Approving   D．Uninterested
49．How does the passage mainly develop？C
A．By providing examples．
B．By making comparisons．
C．By following the order of time．
D．By following the order of importance．
50．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？D
A．To stress the role of dirt．
B．To introduce the history of dirt．
C．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
D．To present the change of views on dirt．
15．In ancient Egypt，the pharaoh（法老）treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace，if he brought good news．However，if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news，his head was cut off．
Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations．Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing．As we walked light-heartedly out of the door，picnic basket in hand，a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said，"Oh boy，bad day for a picnic．The weatherman says it's going to rain．"I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches．Not for his stupid weather report，for his smile．
Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus．As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter，the sales agent said with a broad smile，"Oh that bus left five minutes ago．"Dreams of head-cutting！
It's not the news that makes someone angry．It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered（递送）．Everyone must give bad news from time to time，and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude．A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way．A boss informing an employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone．Big winners know，when delivering any bad news，they should share the feeling of the receiver．
Unfortunately，many people are not aware of this．When you're tired from a long flight，has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet？When you had your heart set on the toast beef，has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece？It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces．
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy（同情），I would have appreciated his warning．Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left，I probably would have said，"Oh，that's all right I'll catch the next one．"Big winners，when they bear bad news，deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded（被轰炸的）person is sure to have．

63．In Paragraph 1，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh toB．
A．make a comparison                   B．introduce a topic
C．describe a scene                    D．offer an argument
64．In the writer's opinion，his neighbor wasC．
A．friendly         B．warm-hearted      C．not considerate      D．not helpful
65．From"Dreams of head-cutting！"（Paragraph3），we learn that the writerA．
A．was mad at the sales agent
B．was reminded of the cruel pharaoh
C．wished that the sales agent would have had dreams
D．dreamed of cutting the sales agent's head that night．
66．What is the main idea of the text？A
A．Delivering bad news properly is important in communication．
B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success．
C．Receiving bad news requires great courage．
D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful．
2．Today's children are the"result"of the modern society．Our parents have jobs that keep them busy almost all day long．They only have a free day in a week．This doesn't allow them to keep an eye on their children．
On the other hand，the modern society gives more freedom to the children than they could"handle"．As a child，you don't know how to grow up by yourself until you reach a certain age．That is why you need school and parents to be by your side all the time．If you don't have either of them you may make a lot of mistakes．The social system of the modern society is verylenientespecially with the children．
Most of the children today are rebels （判逆者）．They are rude．They are given too much freedom by their families．This is their parent's mistake．They ought to know that the freedom they give to their children is misunderstood．
For example it is a bad thing for a 17-year-old child to go out in the evening on weekends．Parents are also guilty of the way their children show up in the street or at school．The same guilt belongs to the teaching system as well．Pupils shouldn't be allowed to dress like they were on a fashion presentation at school．
Another important fact we can think of regarding the freedom of children is their free will of spending money．Parents shouldn't allow their children to spend money on whatever they want．
I think children are given too much freedom not only by their parents，but also by the society．The latter is more to be blamed!

64．The writer implies that parents'busy lifestyleD．
A．makes their children become independent
B．may lead to a tense parent-child relationship
C．is harmful to their children's health
D．is likely to create a troubled generation
65．What does the underlined word"lenient"（in Para 2）mean？B
A．Not responsible    B．Not strict．C．Unkind．D．Unfair．
66．It seems that the writer agrees that studentsC．
A．should stay at home on weekends     
B．can wear trendy clothes at school
C．had better wear school uniform at school                
D．can be allowed to go out in the evenings
67．According to the writer，which of the following takes the primary responsibility for children's problems？A
A．The social environment
B．The educational system．
C．Each family
D．The school．
19．While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged，loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face．Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness，a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one．This phenomenon is commonly known as"Empty Nest syndrome"．
In order to find better chances outside their countries，many young people have gone abroad，leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home．Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights，taking care of themselves，in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them．The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries．Whatever the case，it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what the actually do．This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response in time for their aged parents living by themselves．
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as"distant parent phenomenon"，which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries．Our society has not yet been well prepared for"Empty Nest Syndrome"．
66．According to the passage，the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused byD．
A．their earlier experience of living alone
B．the poor living conditions in their native countries
C．the common worry that they have not saved much money
D．the distance between where parents live and where their children live
67．Many young people have gone abroad，leaving their aged parents behind，toA．
A．realize their dreams in foreign countries  
B．seek a better place for their aged parents
C．live in the countries with more money    
D．continue their studies abroad
68．If young people go abroad，C．
A．they do not hold to the value of duty at all
B．they can give some help to their parents back home
C．they cannot do what they should for their parents
D．they believe what they actually do is right
69．From the last paragraph，we can infer thatB．
A．the situations in the developed and developing countries are different
B．"Empty Nest Syndrome"has arrived unexpectedly in our society
C．children will become independent as soon as they go abroad
D．the aged parents are not fully prepared for"Empty Nest Syndrome"
70．The society discussed in the passage is most probablyC．
A．France         B．America          C．China          D．Britain．
20．Nearly everyone is shy in some ways．If shyness is making you uncomfortable，it may be time for a few lessons in self-confidence．You can build your confidence by following some suggestions from doctors and psychologists．
Make a decision not to hold back in conversations．What you have to say is just as important as what other people say．And don't turn down party invitations just because of your shyness．
Prepare yourself for being with others in groups．Make a list of the good qualities you have．Then make a list of ideas，experiences，and skills you would like to share with other people．Think about what you would like to say in advance．Then say it．
If you start feeling self-conscious in a group，take a deep breath and focus your attention on other people．Remember，you are not alone．Other people are concerned about the impression they are making，too．
No one ever gets over being shy completely，but most people do learn to live with their shyness．Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy．They work at fighting their shy feelings so that they can face the cameras and the public．Just making the effort to control shyness can have many rewards．But perhaps the best reason to fight shyness is to give other people a chance to know more about you．

64．Where would this article probably appear？A
A．In a popular magazine
B．On the front page of a newspaper
C．In a science textbook
D．In a dictionary
65．The main purpose of the article is toB．
A．explain how shyness develops
B．tell people ways of dealing with shyness
C．persuade readers that shyness is natural
D．prove that shyness can be overcome
66．According to the author，the key to fighting shyness isD．
A．speaking up at parties
B．talking as much as possible with others
C．making a list of good qualities
D．developing self-confidence．

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