题目内容

13.In any culture,the development of self-control is important.This ability,which depends on the prefrontal cortex(前颚皮层),provides the basis for mental flexibility,social skills and regulation.It predicts success in education,career and marriage.Indeed,childhood self-control is twice as important as intelligence in predicting academic achievement.Contrarily,poor self-control in primary school increases the risk of adult financial difficulties,criminal behavior,single parenthood and drug dependence.
Traditionally,Asian students succeed in part because they show good self-control from an early age.In one study,Chinese preschoolers were six months ahead of American children in developing mental control.Another study found that Korean 3-year-olds did as well on such tasks as British children who were 17-months older.
Self-control can be built through practice.Chinese parenting emphasizes child training,which combines close supervision(监管) of performance with strong financial support and motivation for the child's efforts.This approach comes at a great cost to parents and children.East Asian students study long and hard.
Fortunately for American parents,psychologists find that children can develop self-control through their own effort.Behavior is powerfully shaped not only by parents or teachers but also by children themselves.The key is to take advantage of the child's own drives for play,social interaction and other rewards.
Effective approaches for building self-control combine fun with progressively increasing challenges.Rather than force activities onto an unwilling child,take advantage of his or her individual tendencies.When children develop self-control through their own effort for happiness,no parental guidance is required.Find something that the child is crazy about but that requires active effort.Whether it's doing baseball statistics or making (but not passively watching) YouTube videos,favorite hobbies build mental staying power that can also be used for math homework.

41.The first paragraph tells usA.
A.the importance of self-control
B.the definition of self-control
C.self-control in our education
D.self-control and achievement
42.Good self-control in the early age can probablyC.
A.guarantee the success of one's career
B.increases the possibility of one's failure
C.bring positive influence to a person
D.influence one's intelligence greatly
43.We can learn from the second paragraph thatB.
A.Asian students are much cleverer in an early age
B.good self-control contributes much to the success of Asian students
C.17-months old British children are cleverer than Korean 3-year-olds
D.American preschoolers'mental control is developed half a year earlier
44.East Asian students study long and hard because their parentsB.
A.encourage them by giving them money
B.not only supervise but also motivate them
C.train their self-control through their own efforts
D.train their intelligence intentionally
45.We learn from the last two paragraphs thatD.
A.children are crazy about making efforts to develop their self-control
B.children's self-control can be shaped by parents and teachers
C.effective approaches for building self-control can combine with math
D.developing self-control through their own effort is most important.

分析 这是一篇科普文章,简要介绍了自控能力的重要性,探讨了东西方培养孩子自控能力的不同方法,以及作者认为最有效的方法.

解答 41-45ACBBD
41.答案为A.考查文段主旨大意的理解的能力.根据文章首句"In any culture,the development of self-control is important."以及后面的论述可知,该段主要讲自制力的重要性.
42.答案为C.考查细节理解的能力.根据第一段最后两句话和第二段的内容可推知,越早具备良好的自制力就越有可能在未来的各个领域取得成功.
43.答案为B.考查细节理解的能力.根据第二段Traditionally,Asian students succeed in part because they show good self-control from an early age…Another study found that Korean 3-year-olds did as well on such tasks as British children who were 17-months older.可知,良好的自我控制有助于亚洲学生的成功,故答案为B
44.答案为B.考查细节理解的能力.根据第三段Chinese parenting emphasizes child training,which combines close supervision(监管) of performance with strong financial support and motivation for the child's efforts.This approach comes at a great cost to parents and children.可知,亚洲家长既监管孩子学习又给予孩子支持与帮助,故答案为B
45.答案为D.考查对文章细节的理解能力.由最后两段的内容可知,一旦孩子们靠自己的努力形成了自制力,就无需家长指导了.由此可见,让孩子们靠自己的努力来形成自制力最为重要.故答案为D

点评 1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.  
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.

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相关题目
1.Many people think it is safe to use a cell phone while they are driving.Yet Scores of studies suggest that real multitaskers-those who can carry out multiple (多个的) tasks equally well,make up just 2 percent of the population.More surprisingly,the so-called"supertaskers"actually have differently structured brains to the other 98 percent.
The brain areas that make supertaskers differ from the rest of the population are the same parts that are most different between humans and nonhuman primates (灵长类),according to David Strayer,director of the applied cognition lab at the University of Utah.Scientists are unsure of the reason why some brains are different.In fact,we could all benefit from doing just one task at once.
In most of us,scientists have located a"bottleneck in the brain"that may explain why we find it hard to do two things at once.
The problem appears to be caused by a logjam of nerve messages.Faced with two almost simultaneous (同时的) tasks less than 300 milliseconds apart,the brain's ability to deal with the second one slows down.The neural (神经的) response to the second task was postponed until the response to the first was completed.This means that with e-mails,phone calls,text messages and online social media all competing for our attention,often against a background of television,radio or music,our brains can reach information overload.
Scientists made the discovery after scanning the brains of volunteers attempting to multitask on a computer.The task was deliberately designed to involve the use of different senses and motorresponses.
Dr Rene Marois,one of the neuroscientists who carried out the experiment at Vanderbilt University in Nashville,Tennessee,said:"Our research offers neurological evidence that the brain cannot effectively do two things at once."The next step,the neuroscientists say,is finding out"why these areas cannot process two tasks at once."
66.How many people can drive equally well while using a cell phone?C
A.Nobody.B.Everybody.C.2 in 100.D.98 in 100.
67.The researchers tried to find out the difference betweenBbrain structures.
A.different supertaskers'
B.supertaskers'and ordinary people's
C.humans'and nonhuman primates'
D.supertaskers'and nonhuman primates'
68.We can infer from the article that the brain takes 300 milliseconds toA.
A.make a neural response               B.get ready for a response
C.complete a task                      D.finish two tasks
69.If weD,our brains may reach information overload.
A.serf the Internet after listening to music
B.use a cell phone against a background of television
C.complete all kinds of tasks within the same day
D.have lots of tasks queuing for responses
70.From the dictionary explanations,choose one for the underlined word"motor"in Paragraph 5.C
A.having an engine
B.relating to vehicles with engines
C.relating to nerves that make muscles move (control body movement)
D.the part of a machine that makes it move.
8.It turns out that nodding off in class may not be such a bad idea after all,as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new material is the best way to remember it.
According to US lead author Jessica Payne,a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana,nodding off after learning something new is like"telling"the sleeping brain what to remember.
Along with colleagues,she studied 207students who habitually slept for at least six hours per night.Participants were casually selected to study declarative (陈述的),semantically (语义上) related or unrelated word pairs at 9am or 9pm,and returned for testing 30minutes,12hours or 24ours later.
Declarative memory refers to the ability to remember facts and events with awareness,and can be broken down into episodic memory (memory for events) and semantic memory (memory for facts about the world).People routinely use both types of memory every day-recalling where we parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be addressed.
At the 12-hour retest,memory overall was better following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness.
At the 24-hour retest,with all subjects having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness,subjects'memories were better when sleep occurred shortly after learning,rather than following a full day of wakefulness.
"Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory.What's new about this study is that we tried to shine light on sleep's influence on both types of declarative memory by studying semantically unrelated and related word pairs,"Payne said.
"Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory,this means that it would be a good thing to practise any information you need to remember just before going to bed.In some sense,you may be'telling'the sleeping brain what to remember."

67.The research led by Jessica Payre tries toB.
A.encourage students to nod off in class
B.explain the influence of sleep on memory
C.show students ways to improve memory
D.introduce students two types of memory
68.Which of the following can be an example of episodic memory?D
A.Light travels faster than sound.    B.Beijing is the capital of China.
C.π=3.1415926…D.Tom attended a friend's party.
69.The 24-hour retest shows that subjects'memories were better followingC.
A.a full day of sleep                           B.a full day of wakefulness
C.a sleep shortly after learning                D.a night of sleep after learning
70.What can we infer from the text?C
A.Nodding off in class is very uncommon.
B.People are better at remembering events than facts.
C.Reciting new English words before going to bed may help.
D.The longer sleep we have,the better memory we will have.

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