Question

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture（制造）of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

　　Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmers away. The increased mechanization（机械化）of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

（1）In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

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A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century,

C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

（2）The underlined word this in the first paragraph refers to ________.

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A. the use of scientific findings

B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product

C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy

D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change

（3）The underlined word this in the second paragraph refers to the change that ________.

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A. each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail

B. each nail was exactly like every other nail

C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller

D. goods could be mass produced

（4）According to the writer, highly skilled workers ________.

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A. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

B. were dismissed by the boss

C. were unable to produce goods of high standard

D. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

（5）According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?

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A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.

B. They stuck to their farm work.

C. They refused to use machines.

D. They did their best to learn how to use the machine.

Answer 1

答案：B;C;D;D;A
解析：

(1) B 这是一道正误辨认题.文中并未说在货物制造的科学发现的利用中对工人剥削的增加，故答案选B. (2) C 这是一道所指题.在第一段中划线单词所在的句子是一个倒装句，倒装的目的是使句子间连接紧密，因此单词this指前句One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. 的内容. (3) D 这还是一道所指题.做此题需要和前面首段尾句This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.联系起来考虑.第二段中划线单词所在句子是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句，条件句中的this正是指“货物大批量生产”这一内容. (4) D 该题检测对文章写作意图的理解能力.根据短文第二段中Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever been done by hand.就可以判断出，在作者看来，技术高明的工人也不能像机器一样以同样的速度生产优质产品，故答案选D. (5) A 这是一道事实询问题.根据短文第二段中Similar changes，forced farmers away. The increased mechanization of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.就可以确定，A是最佳答案.