题目内容
HIV spreads ________ blood and other body liquids.
- A.through
- B.on
- C.in
- D.into
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AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is a medical condition caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a virus which damages people’s natural defenses against disease. So far, no cure has been found for it.
In the early mid-1980s, while other parts of the world were beginning to deal with the serious disease, Asia remained relatively unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. By the early 1990s, however, HIV and AIDS had hit several Asian countries, and by the end of that decade, HIV was spreading rapidly in many areas of the continent. Today, HIV and AIDS are a growing problem in every region of Asia. The latest statistics produced by UNAIDS suggest that in 2008, over 5 million people were living with HIV or AIDS in Asia.
Various factors cause the spread of HIV, including poverty, inequality, unequal status of women, cultural myths about sex and high levels of migration（移民）. Although it’s useful to understand the situation of AIDS in Asia as a whole, each country in the region faces a different situation. In Cambodia and Thailand, there has been evidence of declines in HIV infection levels. In Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, meanwhile, the number of people living with HIV has rapidly increased. In China, the number of people newly infected with HIV and AIDS is also rising although at a much slower pace.
Much improvement is needed to prevent HIV and AIDS around Asia. New guidelines and policy documents have been continually issued over the years. Most of the successful programs do have at least three features in common. Firstly, these programs encourage HIV and AIDS education among the general population to teach people how to avoid infection and to face discrimination. Secondly, they are every practical and they involve the infected people themselves in program design and implementation（实施）. Last but not least, strong leadership is essential for HIV prevention. If all of the leaders truly committed themselves to this cause, them a great many lives would be saved.
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Overview of HIV and AIDS in Asia |
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The (1.) of AIDS |
HIV, a virus(2.) the body’s immune system. |
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The past situation |
◇In the early mid-1980s, with other parts of the world troubled with the serious disease, Asia remained(3.) unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. ◇In the early 1990s, HIV and AIDS(4.) only several Asian countries, but HIV was spreading rapidly in the next 10 years in Asia. |
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The （5.) situation |
◇AIDS/HIV is a growing problem in every region, over 5 millions people living (6.) HIV or AIDS. ◇Asian courtiers are facing(7.) situations today. |
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The improvement to prevent HIV and AIDS including three (8.) most of the successful programs have in common |
◇(9.) people to be educated about how to avoid infection and face discrimination. ◇being practical and getting the infected people. (10.) in the program design and implementation. ◇Leaders’ taking an active part in the cause. |
任务型阅读
Tuberculosis(肺结核，TB) killed 1,300,000 people arould the world in 2007. In addition, almost half a million people who were infected with tuberculosis and with HIV also died. Those were listed as HIV deaths.
About one-third of all people are infected with tuberculosis. But the body’s natural defenses are usually strong enough to prevent an active case. Even so, the bacteria remain in the body. If the immune system weakens at any point, they begin to spread and then attack.
The bacteria that cause TB usually settle in the lungs. They spread through the air when the person coughs or even sings and talks.
One of the most important things is to identify cases quickly. The patients need to be kept away from other people and begin treatment as soon as possible.
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, orMDR-TB, will not get better with antibiotics normally used for tuberculosis. So doctors must use stronger, “second line “ drugs when the first ones fall.
Now, researchers say they have found a much faster way to identify drug-resistant TB. The study’s lead author is Graham Hatfull at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.
The scientists used viruses called bacteriophages to speed the process. These viruses attack bacteria. The researchers injected them with a gene that produces green light. They also injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs.
Then they combined the bacteriophages with TB bacteria. If the bacteria produces green light, it means they are drug-resistant. The researchers say a clinic worker could identify the green light with equipment easy to get in many clinics. Test results would not have to wait for the bacteria to grow in a lab far away. For now , the test itself needs more testing. But Professor Hatfull is hopeful this will take months and not years.
Title:__1___
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The __2__of people infected withTB |
One-third of people around the world |
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When to begin to spread and attack |
When the immune system __3___ |
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Where bacteria __4__TB uaually settle |
In the lungs |
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How to __5__ |
Through the air |
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_____6__ |
___7__cases quickly. Keeping the 8_ away from people Beginning __9__as soon as possible Using _10_, second-line drugs to treat MDR-TB |