题目内容
Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat．Some are used in new alternatives to plastics and other materials, but others will simply be burned．
Burning crops is becoming more popular because it is good for the planet．Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．As more land is devoted to non-food crop production, the economics of crops for fuel are likely to become even more favorable．
Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals— since they discovered fire．But that burning fossil fuels could have catastrophic consequences has brought biomass back into fashion．
Even allowing for emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide from fuel used in planting, harvesting, processing and transporting biomass fuel, replacing fossil fuel with biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent．
Power stations around the world are experimenting with forms of biomass to add to their coal or oil, with encouraging results．Indeed, power companies could profit by turning to biomass, especially when the subsidies (补助) many governments offer for using renewable energy are taken into account．
Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces．Instead of being paid for whatever they produce, farmers must seek a clear demand for their product．Many believe that the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels could be just such a driver．
But while biomass offers a variety of potential alternatives, the world's infrastructure (基础设施） has developed around burning fossil fuels to such a stage that switching to biomass involves a change in conception that many companies have not accepted．
Also, there are problems with using biomass．Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment, few are built to run on biomass alone．Burning some forms of biomass also causes environmental problems．Oils and waste can be smelly, while wood produces smoke unless burned properly．
The supply chains for fossil fuels are set up well, but those for biomass are just the beginning. Sources of supply for biomass rely on farm production and can therefore be less reliable. They are necessarily limited and it wouldn't make sense to turn a very large amount of valuable agricultural land away from food crops．But as the world adjusts to the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, these problems may receive more attention．
【小题1】What do we know about biomass?
| A．It is a useful way of burning crops． |
| B．It is plant and animal matter used to provide power． |
| C．It is a new alternative to be used widely． |
| D．It is a popular approach to fighting against pollution． |
a．It gives off less greenhouse gases．
b．It helps farmers receive subsidies for what they produce．
c．It has met the clear demand for energy．
d．It has brought subsidies for some power companies．
e．It is cheaper than burning fossil fuels．
| A．a, b, c | B．b, c, d | C．c, d, e | D．a, d, e |
| A．more effective ways to use biomass have been tried |
| B．using renewable energy has become their daily task |
| C．burning biomass alone would require considerable changes |
| D．setting up dependable supply channels needs governments' support |
| A．Defensive． | B．Doubtful． | C．Negative． | D．Objective |
【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】D
解析试题分析：文章讲述了生物质能的好处及其生物质现在并没有得到广泛运用的原因，同时作者相信在不久的将来肯定能够解决这些问题，它会被广泛的运用。
【小题1】细节题。从文章Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals可知，生物质能是一种燃烧植物或是动物来获取能量的东西，故选B
【小题2】细节题。从文章Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．；biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent． ；Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces可知生物能的好处是便宜，排放温室气体少，能够获得政府的补助，故选D
【小题3】细节推断题从Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment,及倒数第一，第二段可知，依靠煤发电的电厂如果用生物质能的话需要相当大的改变，故选C
【小题4】推断题。从全文来看，作者并没有推崇也没有反对这种能源，只是非常客观的态度说明了它的使用情况，故选D
考点：科普类说明文
点评：本文文脉清晰，但是文意较难理解。说明文是历年高考很常见的文体，对于科技类的说明文比较难，而对于说物的文体较容易。本文中，把握好一个中心即作者对于生物质能进行了客观的介绍。同时，此类文章细节题居多，在对文章看懂了的基础在仔细对比选项和文章，即可得出答案。
新思维假期作业寒假吉林大学出版社系列答案The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played on the playground. She seemed so small as she pushed her way 36 the crowd of boys on the playground. She 37 from them all. I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing 38 . She would practice dribbling（运球）and shooting over and over again, sometimes until 39 . One day I asked her 40 she practiced so much. She looked 41 in my eyes and without a moment of hesitation she said, “ I want to go to college. The only way I can 42 is to get a scholarship. I am going to play college basketball. I want to be the best. My daddy told me if the dream is 43 enough, the facts don’t count.”
Well, I had to give in to her—she was 44 . One day, I saw her sitting in the grass, head 45 in her arms. I walked toward her and 46 asked what was the matter. “Oh, nothing,” came a soft reply, “ I am just too short.” The coach told her that at her height she would probably 47 get to play for a top ranked team, 48 offered a scholarship. So she 49 stop dreaming about college.
She was 50 and I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not 51 the power of the dream. He told her 52 she really wanted to pay for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, 53 could stop her except one thing---her own attitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was 54 by a college recruiter(招聘人员). She was indeed offered a scholarship. She was going to get the college education that she had 55 and worked for all those years.
| A. through | B. across | C. over | D. into |
| A. brought out | B. showed out | C. stood out | D. worked out |
| A. friendly | B. lonely | C. simply | D. alone |
| A. dark | B. dawn | C. midnight | D. daybreak |
| A. how | B. when | C. why | D. what |
| A. worriedly | B. shyly | C. quietly | D. directly |
| A. go | B. get | C. enter | D. attend |
| A. small | B. big | C. real | D. false |
| A. determined | B. encouraged | C. fascinated | D. struck |
| A. covered | B. enclosed | C. dropped | D. buried |
| A. quietly | B. excitedly | C. angrily | D. hurriedly |
| A. ever | B. even | C. once | D. never |
| A. far more | B. much less | C. much fewer | D. many more |
| A. should | B. must | C. can | D. may |
| A. overjoyed | B. satisfied | C. embarrassed | D. heartbroken |
| A. understand | B. experience | C. learn | D. lose |
| A. even if | B. as if | C. that if | D. only if |
| A. anything | B. nothing | C. something | D. everything |
| A. seen | B. refused | C. treated | D. annoyed |
| A. dreamed of | B. accepted | C. thought of | D. appreciated |
No one else knew about the extra club in Zach Nash’s golf bag. It belonged to a friend, and Zach forgot it was there as he played his way to victory in a junior tournament（锦标赛）last summer in Wisconsin, US.
The 14-year-old accepted his medal, celebrated with his grandparents who had come from a long way to watch. But when he stopped by his country club to share the news, a professional player noticed something wrong. “Count your clubs,” he told the teenager.
Fifteen—one more than allowed. Zach’s eyes filled with tears.
If Zach had just won a basketball championship or a soccer game and someone had discovered a violation after the win, it would not have mattered. It is nothing unusual for a soccer player to dive to the turf to draw fouls（假摔以使对方犯规）.
Golf is different. In a win-at-all-costs world, the game holds itself to a higher standard. Golf isn’t a game where referees watch closely. In golf tournaments, dozens of competitors are spread across acres of land, so officials cannot hope to see each shot. Competitors call penalties（处罚）on themselves.
“It was a sport for gentlemen, and gentlemen did not care about winning. They care about doing the right thing,” said Robert Simon, a golf coach at Hamilton College in New York.
Honesty became a medal of honor. When one of the game’s early stars, Bobby Jones, was p
raised for calling a penalty on himself at the 1925 US Open, he replied: “You might as well praise a man for not robbing a bank.”
So even the error had no effect on Zach’s final score—he has never used the extra club, the teenager packed up his medal and dropped it in the mail. “But this is golf, and rules are rules. I just knew what I had to do,” he said.
Then came another tournament. Before teeing off(开球), Zach counted his clubs—four times.
【小题1】What can we infer from the text?
| A．A friend put an extra club in Zach’s bag. |
| B．Zach returned the medal that he had won. |
| C．Zach’s grandparents encouraged him to play fair. |
| D．Zach regretted meeting with the professional player. |
| A．honor comes before victory |
| B．players are superior to coaches |
| C．referees have to watch each shot |
| D．players needn't care about medals |
om the underlined sentence?| A．One should be praised for not robbing a bank. |
| B．Bobby looked down upon bank robbers. |
| C．Little did Bobby care about the penalty. |
| D．Observing rules demands no praise. |
| A．He remembered the lesson. | B．He lacked self-confidence. |
| C．He felt a little too nervous. | |
| D．He was no good with numbers. |
Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
【小题1】According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .
| A．helps children to gain weight |
| B．leads children to work harder |
| C．improves children’s memories |
| D．affects children’s regular studies |
| A．perform better and have more learning gains |
| B．have much less time for relaxation every year |
| C．have generally the same number of class days |
| D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. |
| B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. |
| C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. |
| D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation. |
| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. |
| B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. |
| C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. |
| D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
| A．Opening Summer Camps |
| B．Forbidding Summer Schools |
| C．Spreading Year-Round Education |
| D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |