Humans have observed and explored the oceans since ancient times.But it wasn’t until the 19th century that the scientific study of oceans began.The first major scientific expedition,and the one that 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Humans have observed and explored the oceans since ancient times.But it wasn’t until the 19th century that the scientific study of oceans began.The first major scientific expedition,and the one that firmly established the field of oceanography,was the around-the-world voyage of H.M.S. Challenger.Setting out from England in 1872,the Challenger spent almost three and a half years gathering a wealth of information about seawater,sea life,and the ocean floor.Major oceanographic expeditions since then have included the South Atlantic voyage of the German ship Meteor in 1926 and the Deep-Sea Drilling Project from 1968 to 1983.Many individuals also have played important roles in advancing our understanding of oceans,beginning with Matthew Fontaine Maury in the mid-1800s;his work on oceanography and navigation led to a uniform system of weather reporting at sea.Since Maury’s time,oceanography has progressed rapidly.Early oceanographers had to contend themselves with tossing buckets overboard to see what they might haul in.Today’s oceanographers are equipped with space images,supercomputer models,and deep-sea robots that can crawl along the seafloor.As they set goals for the future,some oceanographers even dream of doing research in permanently manned stations on the bottom of the oceans.

70.Which of the following statements is true?

A.Humans didn’t explore the oceans until the 19th century.

B.Maury first established the field of oceanography.

C.Maury spent a lot of time in studying seawater,sea life,and the bottom of the ocean.

D.Many individuals also plays a very important part in advancing our understanding of oceans,such as Maury.

71.How many expeditions are mentioned in this passage?

A.Four. B.Three. C.Five. D.Two.

72.What can we infer from the passage?

A.The process of the oceanography has stopped at one time.

B.Maury’s work on oceanography contributes a lot to weather reporting at sea.

C.Nowadays the equipment for studying the oceans needs improving,because it is out of date.

D.The expeditions in the past had great difficulty and made a lot of efforts in order to study the oceans.

【小题1】D

【小题2】B

【小题3】D

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Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!

Parapsychologists（灵学家）say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist（心理学家）at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

In the first one, Baker sat behind unknowing people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects（受试者）were eating, drinking, reading studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, almost all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.

For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind a two way mirror in a laboratory setting. The people had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they weren’t. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they weren’t. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were started at than if they had just guessed.

Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

68. The purpose of the two experiments is to .

A. explain when people can have a sixth sense

B. show how people act while being watched in the lab

C. study whether humans can sense when they are stared at

D. prove why humans have a sixth sense

69. In the first experiment, the subjects .

A. were not told that they would be stared at

B. lost their sense when they were stared at

C. were not sure when they would be stared at

D. were uncomfortable when they were stared at

70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .

A. value B. result C. performance D. connection

71. What can be learned from the passage?

A. People are born with a sixth sense.

B. The experiments support parapsychologists’ idea.

C. The subjects do not have a sixth sense in the experiments.

D. People have a sixth sense in public places.

Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.

Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it’s an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.

Not that we don’t have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.

Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.

According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .

A. our ability to use language B. the miracle of technology

C. our ability to make noises with mouth D. the amazing power of nature

What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals?

A. Lifting heads when sad. B. Keeping long faces when angry.

C. Bowing heads when willing to obey. D. Bristling hair when ready to attack.

What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A. Body language is unique to humans.

B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.

C. Humans are no different from animals to some degree.

D. Humans have other powers of communication.

This passage is mainly about .

A. the development of body language

B. the special role humans play in nature

C. the difference between humans and animals in language use

D. the power to convey information to others

Global warming is the process of earth’s atmosphere heating up. Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere has gone up 1 Fahrenheit. The weather has not changed exactly the same way in every area of the planet. But scientists think that the rise in average temperature is already affecting the earth’s climate.
Many scientists now believe that global warming is caused by cutting down trees, producing more trash, and polluting the environment which are some of the reasons why the temperature has gone up. Many scientists believe that the biggest causes of global warming are new human technologies that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is not new. Certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, making it hard for heat energy to go into space. In the past, the climate didn’t change much because nature produced just the right amount of greenhouse gases to deal with it.
Today, most scientists are pretty sure that the rising temperature can’t be blamed on nature. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1700s, humans have relied on machines for daily life. And many of those machines give off a lot of greenhouse gases. An increase in the release of greenhouse gases from human activities is throwing nature off balance.
The climate is a very complicated thing, but many scientists agree that the rising atmospheric temperature has already damaged the environment. Sheets of ice, called glaciers, are melting in Antarctica and other parts of the globe. As glaciers break off and melt into the oceans, they are adding warm water to the oceans and causing the sea level to rise.
Over the past 100 years, the sea level has risen 6-8 inches around the world. That means land along the coasts is beginning to disappear under water. Bigger and warmer oceans are also adding to other weather problems caused by pollution in the atmosphere. Some places have received more rain, others have had bigger storms and a few areas in the world have experienced unusual droughts.
【小题1】What is mainly talked about in this passage?

A．The melting of glaciers.	B．Global warming.
C．The world’s weather.	D．The earth’s temperature.

【小题2】What causes global warming according to scientists?

A．Human activities.	B．The nature itself.
C．The earth’s atmosphere.	D．New discoveries

【小题3】How can greenhouse gases make the globe warm?

A．They keep heat in the atmosphere.

B．They let the heat go out into space.

C．They release heat into the air

D．They can make the other gases warm.

【小题4】From the passage we can see that global warming will bring about _____.

A．the pollution in the atmosphere	B．natural disasters
C．population pollution	D．the rise of glaciers

The concept of solar power satellites, or SPS, first put forward in the 1960s, is still not widely known by the general public. For example, at many public exhibitions about energy, SPS is not even mentioned. This is mainly because very little money has been spent on SPS research
There are people who claim that SPS is unrealistic － because launch costs are much too high today; or because it is too far away. So why do we believe that it is important to continue to do researches on SPS? The reason is very simple.
Humans are going to need huge amounts of electric power in coming decades. Within 50 years the world population is expected to double, while economic growth will continue around the world, especially in the poorer countries. But existing energy sources already face serious problems. They are limited; they are polluted; they are dangerous. So 50 or 100 years from now, where is our power going to come from? Nobody knows. And so we believe that new large-scale possibilities should be studied further.
We must remember that humans have some choices concerning our future. To some extent we can choose the direction in which our civilization develops. And choices that are made in the coming decades － such as the energy sources that we will or will not use, will have major, long-term meaning for human life on earth. We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive, SPS will open the door to a much more attractive future for human civilization than any ground-based energy source, and one that the public will support and that young people will find challenging and exciting. Furthermore energy from SPS can be readily used in developing countries, as the SPS 2000 project will show, thus aiding economic development worldwide. In addition, by creating large commercial fund for space engineering, SPS will open the frontier of space to economic development, thus creating a limitless new field for the growth of the world economy.
【小题1】Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A．The Future Energy－ SPS	B．The Concept of SPS
C．Humans and SPS	D．Advantages of SPS

【小题2】Which of the following statements about SPS is TRUE?

A．The research on SPS started in the 1960s is still not appreciated by the public.

B．The research is showing SPS can benefit environment and economy at present.

C．The energy from SPS is now being used in some developing countries.

D．The public don’t know about SPS because little time is devoted to the research.

【小题3】Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ______.

A．the present serious energy problems

B．where to get energy sources in the future

C．the importance of controlling world population

D．the need to explore new energy sources

【小题4】The writer’s attitude towards the research can best be summarized by the saying “______”.

A．In time of peace prepare for war

B．Put the cart before the horse

C．One man’s meat is another man’s poison

D．Easier said than done

Every day we experiencc one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amszing complexity of television. Nor the impressive tcchnology of transport The universal wonder we share and
Experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.
Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s went show, humans are a species of animal that have deve pod their own special act. If we reduce it to basie ferms, it’s a ability for communicating information to ther by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.
Not the to don’t have other powers of communication. Our facia. expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or jout or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.
Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.
1.According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is_________.
A.our ability to use language
B.the miracle of technology
C.the amazing power of nature
D.our ability to make noises with mouth
2.What feature of “body language”mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals?
A.Lifting beads when sad.
B.Keeping long faces when angry.
C.Bristling hair when ready to attack.
D.Bowing heads when willing to obey.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Body language is unique to humans.
B.Animals express emotions just as humans do.
C.Humans have other powers of communication.
D.Humans are no different from animals to some degree.
4.This pastge is mainly about________________.
A.the development of body language
B.the special role humans play in nature
C.the power to convey information to others
D.the difference between humans and animals in language use

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