Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) refers to an economy which has a minimal emission of greenhouse gas (GHG), namely, carbon dioxide into the biosphere(生物圈). Recently, most of the scientists and the public hold the opinion that the climate is changing because there is such an accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere due to human activities. The over-concentration of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. LCE, therefore, is proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change.

All nations which are considered carbon intensive societies and societies which are heavily populated should become zero-carbon societies and economies. Several of these countries have promised to become 'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that emissions will be cut by 100% by balancing emissions rather than ceasing all emissions.

Nuclear power and the strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been proposed as the primary means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources. Scientists are afraid, however, whether the spent-nuclear-fuel can be stored, and whether it is secure. Also they are not certain about the costs and time needed to successfully implement CCS worldwide and whether the stored emissions will leak into the biosphere or not. Alternatively, many have proposed renewable energy should be the main basis of a LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this is changing, however, since investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times. Furthermore, it has been proposed that to make the transition to an LCE economically attractive we would have to attach a cost (per unit output) to GHGs through means such as emissions trading and/or a carbon tax.

A LCE is aimed to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture, transportation to power-generation around technologies that produce energy and materials with little GHG emission and thus around populations, buildings, machines and devices which use those energies and materials efficiently and dispose of or recycle its wastes so as to have a minimal output of GHGs.

Title:        1       

I.          2        : an economy with a minimal output of GHG

II.         3         of the present economy:

● global warming

● long-term climate change

           4            on humanity

III.           5           :

●  to produce energy and materials with little GHG emission

● to use those energies and materials efficiently

● to have          6             of GHGs

IV.            7             to achieve a LCE:

● nuclear power  

● the strategies of carbon capture and storage

● renewable energy    

             8              

● a carbon tax

V.           9          :

● spent-nuclear-fuel storage / storage of spent-nuclear-fuel

       10           

● uncertainty about the costs and time needed

 

 

In recent years many countries have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts believe that the answer is to make jobs more varied. Do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is something to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not make him work harder. So variety is not important.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is very little that can be done to achieve this.

Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are said to be experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem then that the degree of worker contribution is important.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important, but perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if companies succeed in making workers' jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

72. Which of the following things will not increase productivity?

A. Making jobs more varied.                        

B. Longer working hours.

C. Giving workers the freedom to do his jobs in their own way.

D. Increasing the workers' contribution to production.               

73. The last sentence in this passage means that if companies manage to make workers' jobs more interesting, _________.

A. they will want more money                    

B. they will demand shorter working hours

C. more money and shorter working hours are important    

D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them

74. In this passage, the writer tells us _________.

A. how to make the workers more productive 

B. possible factors leading to greater productivity

C. more money leads to greater productivity

D. how to make workers' jobs more interesting

75. The writer of this passage is probably a _____________.

   A. teacher                B. worker                        C. manager                 D. physics

 

 

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

We’ve heard it before - we’ve heard it on the news, from teachers, from parents -children and teenagers today are growing up too fast. There are not too many people that will   _31  with that statement. Teenagers are faced with serious problems and decisions at an early   _32 . In fact most teenagers’ daily schedules(日程表)are as  33  as those of an adult’s.

    I have been working since I was thirteen, and always in  34  in which I was working with adults. I have had to learn to think and  35  like an adult to be taken seriously. So, I count myself as one who has grown up too fast. I just graduated from high school, and have recently spent some time reflecting(反思)on the  36  eighteen years - thinking about myself, what I have gained, and what  37  I have yet to achieve.

    We are expected to work hard, get excellent  38 , be in a good relationship, and know what we want to do  39 . The list goes on and on. But the  40  is clear: We live in a society today that is  41  our childhood. We no longer have many years to be careless and fancy-free. We are expected to  42  the strict school rules and to excel(擅长)in everything we do.

    I’ve known these things for a long time, and knew that they  43  me. But, I never really admitted it until last night, when I learned a  44  lesson, taught to me by my boss where I work. We had finished a job at a remote site. It was about 11:30 at night, and we had  45  to his house. We were talking about the  46  he had been making to his home. One of the things he said was “I  47  my basketball hoop(篮圈). ”Then he threw a basketball to me.

    I hadn’t  48  a basketball in five years.

    We proceeded to shoot hoops for about 5 minutes. Both of us were terribly bad at it, but we spent the whole time  49  like children. Then I realized something: I am still a child. Oh, the law says I’m an adult. But, we are still really and truly children. We all need to have  50_   once in a while.

31. A. argue                        B. disagree                    C. satisfy                        D. discuss

32. A. age                                B. stage                          C. year                            D. grade

33. A. certain                B. busy                            C. careful                       D. perfect

34. A. companies              B. factories                         C. positions                   D. offices

35. A. study                        B. speak                         C. work                           D. act

36. A. last                                B. other                          C. rest                             D. coming

37. A. purposes                 B. success                      C. goals                          D. jobs

38. A. textbooks                B. grades                       C. teachers                    D. schools

39. A. in life                   B. in time                       C. for ages                     D. for ever

40. A. information       B. message                   C. notice                         D. idea

41. A. ruining                B. correcting                 C. envying                      D. shortening

42. A. respect               B. accept                        C. learn                           D. follow

43. A. inspired              B. disappointed            C. affected                     D. frightened

44. A. valuable                       B. serious                           C. important                 D. useful

45. A. walked                B. flown back                C. gone back                 D. driven

46. A. furniture                  B. improvements         C. equipment                D. arrangements

47. A. moved                 B. fixed                           C. sold                             D. broke

48. A. played                 B. caught                       C. seen                      D. held

49. A. laughing                   B. shouting                    C. running                      D. shooting

50. A. a rest                        B. a talk                          C. fun                              D. sports

 

  The Andrew Romay Immigrant Support Program (ISP) at the International Center provides a welcoming place for immigrants where they can build the skills they need to fully participate in the professional and social life of their new country.

About the Program

The Andrew Romay Immigrant Support Program (ISP) at the International Center provides an integrated (综合的) set of educational, cultural, and professional activities at ICNY to help immigrants:

●improve their English

●develop the networks they need to achieve their goals and fully participate in American life

●find a welcoming "home away from home"

Participants have access to a wide-range of programming, including:  

●more than 40 weekly classes in English language and American culture

●practical and career-skills workshops

●opportunities to explore New York City and the nearby area through trips and tours

ISP is particularly focused on helping newly arrived immigrants at a critical point in their lives.Recent arrivals in financial need receive one-year scholarships and low-cost meals.ISP is funded by Andrew Romay and a sum of money from the Open Society Institute.

If you are interested in applying for ISP, please fill out our online application or contact ISP Program Manager, Elaine Roberts at (212)255-9555 or at eroberts@intlcenter.org.

Resources for Current ISP Members

RECOMMENDED CLASSES

●Intermediate level:Introduction to Writing & Interviewing Skills on Wednesday, from 11 am-l2:l0pm.

●High Intermediate/Advanced: Tips for Success at Work and Beyond on Tuesday, from 2-3:25pm.

●Advanced: Career Skills Workshop on Wednesday, from 6-8pm. Sign-up required.

●For all levels: Interviewing Skills Workshop on Saturday, from 11 am. - 2 pm. Sign-up required.

UPCOMING EVENTS

To see a list of upcoming events, visit our News & Events page.

OTHER RESOURCES

If you would like helpful resources on topics such as ESOL, healthcare, housing, or finding a job, please visit our Member Resources page

1. The main purpose of ISP is to ____.

A.help new immigrants set up a home away from home

B.equip new immigrants with the skills needed

C.provide support for new immigrants in financial need

D.help old immigrants at a critical point

2.You can become a member of ISP by ____.

A.visiting News & Events page

B.surfing Member Resources page

C.contacting Andrew

D.contacting Elaine

3. Which class best suits Tracy, who hopes to improve her

interviewing skills but is busy on weekdays?

A.Intermediate level.

B.High Intermediate/Advanced.

C.Advanced.

D.For all levels.

 

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