题目内容
17.What are feelings for?Most nonscientists will find it a strange question.Feelings justify themselves.Emotions give meaning and depth to life.They exist without serving any other purposes.On the other hand,many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function.For both animals and humans,fear motivates the avoidance of danger,love is necessary to care for the young,and anger prepares one to hold ground.But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that.Other scientists have regarded the same behavior as conditioning and learned responses.Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought.A baby seagull pecks(啄) at a red spot on the bill(喙) of its parent.The seagull parent feeds its baby when pecked on the bill and the baby gets fed.The interaction need have no emotional content.At the same time,there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content.In mammals that have given birth including humans,milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries.This is not under intended control but it is reflex.Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love.Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive.Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread,measurable,and observable,most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts.It is simpler.
Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily,scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones.Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist,or is unworthy of serious attention.But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable.They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways,so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for.Most branches of science are more willing to make successive evaluation of what may prove ultimately unknowable,rather than ignoring it altogether.
72.The example of the baby seagull pecking the parent's bill is used to support thatB.
A.it is an inborn ability for adults to look after the young
B.behaviors can be learned and involve no emotions
C.emotions are of great importance for survival
D.it takes time for animals to be conditioned
73.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?C
A.Breast-feeding a baby is conditioned or reflective but have no emotional connection.
B.Reflexes and conditioning will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions.
C.Scientists usually apply reflexes and conditioning in explaining animal behaviors.
D.Many evolutionary biologists believe that emotions are to some degree for survival.
74.To study animal emotions,scientists shouldC.
A.analyze human emotions
B.distinguish what is emotional
C.set up improved experiments
D.learn from animal behaviorists
75.What is the author's main purpose of writing this passage?A
A.To illustrate that emotions are worth our attention.
B.To compare human emotions with animal emotions.
C.To discuss the importance and usefulness of emotions.
D.To explain what reflexive and conditioned behaviors are.
分析 感情是用来做什么的?很多神经学家发现这是个奇怪的问题,作者选用合适的科学方法更简单地解释了感情这一行为,下面就认真读读吧.
解答 72~75.BCCA
72.B 细节理解题.题目问的是"小海鸥啄海鸥妈妈的喙的例子用来说明什么?"根据文章第一段倒数第四句Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought.可以推断出这个例子是为了支持某些行为没有情感的观点.故选B.
73.C 推理判断题.题目问的是"下面四个选项哪一个可以从文中了解到?"根据第二段倒数第二句Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread,measurable,and observable,most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts.既然反应存在和固定的行为是广泛的,显著的,可以观察的,多数的科学家在试图用这些概念来解释动物的行为.可知答案应为C.
74.C 推理判断题.题目问的是"为了研究动物的感情,科学家应该怎么做?"根据第三段第四句They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways,so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for.可以推测科学家应该建立更高级的实验.故选C.
75.A 推理判断题.题目问的是"作者写这篇文章的目的什么?"第三段Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily,scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones.选用合适的科学方法更简单地解释行为.科学家已经拒绝考虑除了特定的反射行为之外的任何东西.A项比较合适.
点评 1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.
-He .He is a man of his word.( )
A. | could have left | B. | must have left | C. | can't come | D. | won't be coming |
A. | hasn't written | B. | didn't write | C. | doesn't write | D. | wasn't writing |
However,my dream(25)D came true when I was six.One day my father came back from his business trip with three(26)C dolls!They were much smaller than our cousin's doll and their eyes were just painted ones,but I did not (27)A such differences.They were
(28)B"store-bought"dolls.We each chose one and I named (29)D Misako.
Soon my sisters and I became devoted (30)D.Our"children"kept us (31)B all day.We gave them a bath,(32)C them,brushed their hair,took them out for a walk and put them to bed.Several months later,they got more like real children-their (33)A and bodies became dirtier,their dresses got stained; their hair less smooth.
But,by then,(34)C interests seemed to have moved into (35)B toys.Their dolls were abandoned and in bad condition.One had (36)A one of her arms,and (37)A was one-legged."You can (38)B them if you want,"my sisters said to me.Thus,I had (39)D dolls.They were more or less handicapped(残疾)and they often looked at me as if they needed me to (40)D them.I enjoyed this feeling of being needed-being the only one in the world who could protect them with a lot of love.Indeed,they made the rest of my childhood days very happy.
21.A.wanted | B.expected | C.hoped | D.enjoyed |
22.A.doll | B.toy | C.girl | D.baby |
23.A.might | B.should | C.could | D.dared |
24.A.often | B.never | C.sometimes | D.seldom |
25.A.immediately | B.firstly | C.hardly | D.finally |
26.A.beautiful | B.lovely | C.store-bought | D.new |
27.A.care about | B.dream about | C.think about | D.worry about |
28.A.total | B.real | C.like | D.true |
29.A.my | B.one | C.them | D.mine |
30.A.sisters | B.fathers | C.friends | D.mothers |
31.A.free | B.busy | C.hard | D.tired |
32.A.wore | B.put on | C.dressed | D.washed |
33.A.faces | B.legs | C.arms | D.hands |
34.A.my | B.their | C.my sisters' | D.my doll's |
35.A.tiny | B.different | C.curious | D.humorous |
36.A.lost | B.wounded | C.cut | D.damaged |
37.A.the other | B.another | C.it | D.other |
38.A.look out for | B.take care of | C.pay attention to | D.have a look at |
39.A.two | B.few | C.many | D.three |
40.A.teach | B.feed | C.satisfy | D.help |