题目内容

12.In Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment.They will not be laid off during recessions(经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots.To some observes,this is capitalism at its best,because workers are treated as people not things.Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.
Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works.In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job.The lifetime employment system includes only"regular employees".Many employees do not fall into this category,including all women.All businesses have many part-time and temporary employees.These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are.These"irregular workers"make up about 10percent of the nonagricultural work force.Additionally,Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors(分包单位).This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.
The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975recession.All this leads some to argue that the Japanese system is not all that different from the American system.During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors.In the United States,corporations lay off those workers with the least seniority(资历).The difference then is probably less than the term"lifetime employment"suggests,but there still is a difference.And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society.The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual(合同的) terms.Firms hold on to the employees and employees stay with one firm.There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job.Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.

74.According to the passage,a woman in JapanA.
A.cannot get a lifetime job
B.is impossible to get a part time job
C.will be employed for life
D.is among the regular workers
75Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?B
A.they don't want to lose their retirement benefits.
B.they are not adaptable people.
C.any change of jobs will make them less paid.
D.they get used to the teamwork.
76.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.
A.those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twice
B.those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workers
C.the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexible
D.the Japanese system is totally different from the American system
77.What does the passage mainly discuss?D
A.The extremely hard situation during recessions.
B.The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.
C.The characteristics of corporations in the United States.
D.The features of lifetime employment in Japan.

分析 文章介绍了日本的终身雇佣制的特点.

解答 74-77 ABAD
74题答案是A.细节理解题,根据The lifetime employment system includes only"regular employees".Many employees do not fall into this category,including all women.可知妇女享受不到终身雇佣制.故选A.
75题答案是B.细节理解题.根据Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.可知换公司会影响到退休金,团队协作及工资,所以日本人愿意待在一家公司.选项B不是原因,故选B.
76题答案是A.细节理解题.根据Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.可知日本人不要轻易换工作.故选A.
77题答案是D.文章大意题.通读全文,文章讲述了日本的终身雇佣制的特点.故选D.

点评 本文是政治经济类阅读理解.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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B.he did not want Nicholas to earn more than he did.
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A.5%      B.10%     C.15%     D.20%
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A.earning a pay raise            B.refusing a job offer
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A.By comparing two different stores.
B.By analyzing the figures.
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The thought of a hundred elephants-worth of water suspended in the sky begs another question-what keeps it up there?
"First of all,the water isn't in elephant sized particles(微粒),it's in tiny tiny tiny particles,"explains LeMone.And those particles float on the warmer air that's rising below.But still,the concept of so much water floating in the sky was surprising even to a meteorologist like LeMone."I had no idea how much a cloud would weigh,actually,when I started the calculations,"she says.
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67.The weight ofBis NOT mentioned in the passage.
A.a cumulus cloud  B.a tornado  C.a hurricane  D.a storm cloud
68.How did Peggy LeMone feel about the result of her calculations?C
A.She found it not convincing.
B.She thought it needed further calculations.
C.She was quite surprised at it.
D.She considered the calculations inaccurate.
69.What can be inferred from the passage?C
A.A storm cloud weighs about 200,000elephants.
B.The water in a hurricane weighs more than that in any other kind of cloud.
C.There are less than forty million elephants living on the earth.
D.The water in the cloud is in very tiny partials.
70.What is the best title for the passage?D
A.How Much a Cloud Weighs  B.How Much a Hurricane Weighs
C.Surprising Results       D.Elephants in the Sky.
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A.persuade workers to have a god sleep.
B.advise night workers to keep healthy
C.encourage workers to do day work
D.help night workers to sleep well
73.What does the author recomusend?B
A.A suitable account of alcohol to help sleep.
B.A regular life on weekday's and weekends.
C.A dark room without phoebes to sleep in.
D.A break for sleeping anytime during the day.
74.On which condition should a person turn to a sleep specialist for help?C
A.If he suffers from a sleep disorder for the first time.
B.If a good sleep environment is greatly needed for him.
C.If he falls to get quality sleep through his own efforts.
D.If he has the problem of bailing to sleep in the daytime.
75.We can learn from the test thatD.
A.night workers need a long time to fall asleep
B.constant breaks at work help to improve performance
C.it is difficult to create a good sleep environment
D.night work requires people to adjust their body clocks.
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Harvard University psychologist Joshua Greene argues in his book Moral Tribe that we may be born without having a clear sense of right and wrong,but our culture sharpens it.If your tribe downloads pirated(盗版)music,you're likely to go with the flow.
Harvard researcher Leslie John,along with two colleagues conducted an experiment.They told volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test.Guess what happened?That group,which considered itself disadvantaged,cheated more than those who believed that everyone received an equal payment.
The real threat is that rule breaking worsens over time.Behavioural psychology offers a few antidotes.Keep yourself fed and well-rested-we're likelier to bebave badly when hungry or tied.Reflect on how your actions look through others'eyes and see yourselves in a positive light.In a Stanford study,when researchers uesd the verb cheat-please don't cheat-participants still cheated freely because they felt distanced (疏远)from the act.When the noun was used-don't be a cheater-hardly anyone did.
28.According to Francesca Gino,who are likeliest to break the rules in a company?B
A.Accountants.B.Designers       C.Cleaners.D.Typists.
29.Why did volunteers in Leslie John's experiment cheat more than others?C
A.Because they were not as smart as others.
B.Because they thought others cheated too.
C.Because they felt a sense of unfairness.
D.Because they were tired and hungry.
30.The underlined word"antidotes"in the last paragraph canbe replaced byB.
A.explanations.B.solutions        C.studies         D.novels.
31.What's the best title for the text?A
A.Why people break the rules.
B.How people break the rules.
C.The influence of breaking the rules.
D.Different ways of breaking the rules.

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