Coal has beenreplaced by gas in some big cities．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

1．Coal has beenreplaced（代替） by gas in some big cities．

分析在一些大城市里，煤炭已经被天然气所代替了．

解答答案：replaced
由于句中的谓语部分符合"has/have+been+done"的结构，故此处考查的应是现在完成时态的被动语态；结合句中给出的汉语部分可知，这里应填动词replace的过去分词形式；故答案为：replaced

点评本题考查了单词拼写．做本题时，首先结合题干中给出的汉语意思，然后从语法分析的角度去判断句中所填单词的形式；另外，在平时的学习中，需要积累一定的词汇量，牢固记忆单词的拼写，并且熟练掌握各类词法，句法等语法知识．

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中学英语阅读理解与完形填空专项训练系列答案

12．A．Supply your own bags and leftover containers．
B．Keep your car m excellent condition．
C．Plant a tree in your backyard．
D．Support local farmers in daily life．
E．Buy items with less packaging．
F．Try to save energy when you do some washing．

It s easy to living green．Focus on reducing your energy and water consumption and your waste generation，you'11be on your way to reducing your footprints on the planet，"says Malten．
（61）B
It s best to walk，bicycle，or use mass transit for your daily commuting，but for those who must use their own vehicles，improving the efficiency of your car's fuel mileage（耗油量） is as easy as keeping your tires properly inflated and changing your oil and air filters if necessary．
（62）F
Using cold water rather than hot in the washer saves electricity and works just as well as hot water with most clothes．Line drying is not only more environmentally friendly，but it also will keep clothes from shrinking and fading．
（63）A
If you re headed to a restaurant that you know serves king-sized portions，bring a small piece of Tupperware along to take the leftovers home．So that you can keep one fewer styrofoma （泡沫塑料） container from the landfill pile．If you are going to a supermarket，bring your own canvas tote bags（帆布手提袋）"Although many supermarket recycle used plastic bags，the process still requires much energy to be used to transport and process the materials，says Malten．
（64）D
Food grown or produced halfway around the world didn't just appear in the supermarket-it was shipped by plane，boat，truck or rail，and no matter what kind of transportation it took，greenhouse gasses were emitted along the way．Pick the apple grown in your state instead of the banana grown in another country．
（65）C
It seems simple，but just．one tree can consume tons of carbon over its lifetime．If planted properly，it will also provide shade on a sunny day，perhaps reducing the use of energy for air-conditioning in buildings and homes："While reducing energy will cut our carbon emissions，it is also important to restore more natural‘sinks'that capture carbon，"Malten says，"Planting trees is an easy place to start．

9．No one can deny the factthat pollution is a serious problem（污染是个严重的问题）．The city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it．（problem）

16．English is one of the threeofficial （官方的） languages in that country．

6．People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed．It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive．
Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors．There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from one another，and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory．The controversy is often referred to as"nature and nurture"．
Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics，and behavior is central to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）．
Proponents of the"nurture"theory，or，as they are often called，behaviorists，claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．The behaviorists'view of the human being is quite mechanistic； they maintain that，like machines，humans'respond to environmental stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behavior．
Socially and politically，the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching．In the US，for example，blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some"anature"proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites．Behaviorists，on the contrary，say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy，and that，as a result，they do not develop the same responses that whites do．
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior．In fact，it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes．That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．
67．This passage is mainly concerned withD．
A．relation between personality and behavior
B．relation between behavior and environment
C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D．different theories of the formation of human behavior
68．The underlined word"proponents''in paragraph 2 meansC．
A．creators B．advisors C．advocates D．judges
69．In paragraph 5，the author mainly writes aboutA．
A．the considerable influence of the two theories
B．differences between the blacks and whites
C．racial discrimination in the United States
D．different responds to intelligence tests
70．What's the author's purpose in writing the passage？D
A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior．
B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science．
C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior．
D．To present an argument in the field of social science．

13．It has been proved that eating vegetables inchildhood （童年） helps to protect you against serious illness in later life．

10．Even though they have worked side by side in the same office for 9 years，the two ladies ______ on good terms．（　　）

15．Since World WarⅡthe French have been surprised and annoyed by the power of American culture and its effect on France and the world．Their only consolation （安慰） has been the belief that French culture is superior to anything that Walt Disney or Hollywood can offer．
What France's cultural elites （精英） have rarely done，however，is examine how both serious and pop culture actually work in the United States．Rather，in the view of Frédéric Martel，a Frenchman and author of a recently released book on the topic，they have preferred to hide behind"a certain ideological anti-Americanism"．Now he has set out to change this．In Culture in America，a 622-page book with lots of information，he challenges the conventional view that French culture financed and organized by the government is entirely good and that American culture shaped by market forces is necessarily bad．
"My first idea was to compare France and the United States，but when I arrived in America，I realized things were much more complicated．The United States is a continent，and you can't compare a continent with a small country or a decentralized country with one that is highly centralized"Martel recalled．
As a result，this book deals only with creativity and arts financing in the United States．But perhaps surprisingly，given the mixture of fear and disdain （鄙视） that American culture stirs among many French intellectuals，his approach is not polemical （争论的）．He neither defends nor attacks the United States； he simply describes the American way of culture．
"This idea is to see how a‘counter-model'works，"he explained．"If the aim is to fight American culture‘imperialism'，we need to know it from the inside．If we want to modernize our own system，which needs new resources，it is useful to see how things can function without huge public investment．"
The news media's response to Culture in America suggests there is room for debate．One weekly，L'Express，said the book offered food for thought．Another，Le Nouvel Observateur，compared it favorably to a recent overview on Democracy in America by Tocqueville，noting that Mr．Martel provides facts rather than impressions．Reviewing the book in Le Monde，critics also said its strength lay in its emphasis on investigation over opinion．And another article in Le Monde took the American cultural statistics collected by Mr．Martel and compared them with similar figures for France．Its unexpected conclusion was that the cultural infrastructures in the two countries were roughly similar．

67．When it comes to their own culture，the French feelB．
A．angry
B．proud
C．disappointed
D．surprised
68．Mr．Martel gave up his idea of comparing France and the United States mainly because
C．
A．French culture is superior to American culture
B．French people hold an anti-Americanism attitude
C．American culture is much more complicated
D．American cultural activities don't have public investment
69．According to the passage，the book Culture in AmericaB．
A．attacks the US but defends France
B．investigates into the American culture
C．emphasized the freedom of American society
D．promotes the popularity of French culture
70．What type of writing is the article likely to be？D
A．A science fiction
B．An advertisement
C．An official document
D．A book review．

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