Lacrosse(长曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada. It is one of the oldest organized sports in America. The Indians in northern New York State and southern Ontario, Canada, invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven metres long. At each end of the field there is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “crosse”. The players hit a ball that is 21 centimetres around and weighs 140 grams. They try to hit the ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. It is also popular in Britain and Australia.
【小题1】
________ invented the popular sport — Lacrosse.

A.The BritishB.The SpanishC.The Indians D.The Australians
【小题2】
Lacrosse was invented because it was used to ________.
A.honour God B.have fun C.lose weight D.train for war
【小题3】
The seven-metre-long lacrosse field has _________.
A.only one net B.one net at each end
C.two nets at each end D.four nets at each end
【小题4】
Who will be the winner in the lacrosse game? ________.
A.The team who hit the ball into the net more times
B.The team who catch and pass the ball faster
C.The team who have many more stronger players
D.The team who use sticks to hit the ball farther

[1] Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.

[2] They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game, which is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. The most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself,                  . The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment.

[3] The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs — or intelligence quotients — of the younger children who were not spanked (打屁股) were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.

[4] Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development is. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)

                                                                             

 

2.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

Compared to the children's IQs whose parents use physical punishment, the result of those whose parents don't is 5 points higher.

                                                                              

 

3.Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

                                                                             

 

4. List three facts that lead to the most successful behavior in paragraph 2. (no more than 8 words)

                                                                             

 

5.Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.

                                                                              

 

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