Lead(铅) deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the C 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining（减少）.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed (再分配)the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies show that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.

A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results

B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase

C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected

D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow

2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.

A. was discouraged B. was carried out by law

C. was forbidden by law D. was introduced

3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.

A forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with

C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions

5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.

A. are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B. feel ease by the use of unleaded gasoline

C. still consider lead pollution a problem

D. lack enough means to combat lead pollution

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Recently, tests have proved that Beethoven died from lead（铅）poisoning. Bill Walsh directed the Beethoven Research Project. Mr Walsh and his team examined pieces of bone belonging to Beethoven. They found a large amount of lead in the bone pieces. They said the lead levels were equal to those found in pieces of his hair in earlier studies of other scientists.

Genetic tests proved the bone pieces and hair came from Beethoven. The researchers also examined bone fragments（碎片 from someone else who lived during the same period. Both were from the top of the skull. The fragments from Beethoven had more lead than those from the other person. Their study didn’t find measurable levels of cadmium (镉) or mercury (汞), which scientists used to consider were the causes of his health problems.

Beethoven was sick for much of his life. He experienced strong stomach pains, a sign of lead poisoning, and a change of personality when he was around 20. He also got angry easily, and suffered from depression and hearing loss. His health problems became worse as Beethoven grew older.

Walsh said the lead levels found in Beethoven’s skull（颅骨） suggested the metal might have been present in his body for many years. He said although there had been recognized cases of deafness caused by lead poisoning, there was no strong evidence to suggest that lead poisoning was the cause of Beethoven’s deafness.

Ludwig van Beethoven visited many doctors to find a cure for his health problems. In a letter he wrote to a friend, he asked researchers to examine his body after he died so that other people would not have to suffer as he did.

During the research, Walsh and his team didn’t ______.

A. examine the bone pieces of Beethoven

B. examine the bone pieces of another person

C. examine the lead levels of Beethoven’s hair

D. measure the cadmium or mercury in Beethoven’s bones

From the passage, we can learn that ___________.

A. this is the first research into the cause of Beethoven’s death

B. any amount of lead will do great harm to people’s health

C. more lead was found in Beethoven’s bones than in his hair

D. scientists used to think that Beethoven’s death was caused by other metals instead of lead

In which section（版）of the newspaper might you read this report?

A. Health. B. Technology C. Entertainment. D. Culture.

What is the best title of the passage?

A. A surprising discovery about Beethoven.

B. Beethoven died from lead poisoning.

C. Lead — a killer metal for human beings.

D. New examination of Beethoven’s body.

Lead（铅） deposits, which accumulated（增加） in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated（托管） unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased greatly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining（减少）.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed (再分配)the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies show that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
A. was discouraged B. was carried out by law
C. was forbidden by law D. was introduced
3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
A forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
A. are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B. feel ease by the use of unleaded gasoline
C. still consider lead pollution a problem
D. lack enough means to combat lead pollution

1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.

A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results

B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase

C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected

D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow

2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.

A. was discouraged B. was carried out by law

C. was forbidden by law D. was introduced

3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.

A forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with

C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions

5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.

A. are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B. feel ease by the use of unleaded gasoline

C. still consider lead pollution a problem

D. lack enough means to combat lead pollution

As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organism（生物体） to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.

Where do the substances which pollute the water come form? There are two main sources sewage （污水）and industrial waste. As more detergent （洗涤剂）is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead（铅）.

So, if we want or stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

1．Pollution in water is noticed _____.

A．when the first organisms are affected

B．when a good many fish and birds die

C．when poisonous things are poured into water

D．as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed

2．The living things die because there is no ____ in the lake or river.

A．water B．fish C．poison D．oxygen

3．Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?

A．Organisms

B．Plants and plankton in the water

C．Waste water from cleaning

D．Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water

4．The way to stop water pollution is _______.

A．realize the serious situation clearly

B．put oxygen into the river

C．make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water

D．make special room in the sea for our rubbish

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