Question

阅读理解 　　Sport not only is physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging．Criticism(批评)from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive(过度的)amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes．Stress can be physical, emotional(情感的), or psychological(心理的), and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout．Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable． 　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself．The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place．Young athletes can, for example, learn how to work together with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives．Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children．Youngsters may take their parent's and coaches’criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷)in themselves． 　　Coaches and parents, should also be careful that youth sport participation(参与)doesn't become the work for children．The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons．In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport．Following a game, many parents and coaches direct their attention on the outcome and find fault with young people’s performances．Research indicates that positive(主动的)reinforcement(加强)motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism．Again criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout． (1) An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________． [　　] A． to reduce their mental stress B． to increase their sense of stress C． to make sports less competitive D． to make sports more challenging (2) According to the passage, sport is positive for young people in that ________． [　　] A． it can create high levels of stress B． it enables them to find flaws in themselves C． it can provide them with valuable experiences D． it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves (3) According to the passage parents and coaches should ________． [　　] A． pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports B． help children to win every game C． train children to deaf with stress D． enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports (4) The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ________． [　　] A． teach young athletes how to avoid burnout B． persuade young children not to worry about criticism C． stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children D． discuss the skill of mixing criticism with encouragement

Answer 1

答案：1．A;2．C;3．D;4．C;
解析：

(1)	全文探讨体育比赛对年轻人成长的作用以及父母，教练及运动员应如何正确面对比赛，如何让年轻人培养健康心理等。文中第一段说紧张会引起burnout，因此要防止这种情况就得减轻压力。
(2)	本文第二段中说“年轻运动员可以学会与人共事，交友，取得其他在一生都需要的技能”，因此选C．
(3)	从文中的描述，尤其是第三段第二句，“比赛的结果，最重要的莫过于了解这种体育运动及了解人生的过程”，可知选D。A项“让孩子享受运动的乐趣”与文章不符。
(4)	本文最后部分说研究表明主动加强对孩子学习的影响更大，而批评会引起紧张，因此选C，这才是作者的写作目的。