题目内容
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!
WHY BURN WASTE?
Waste-to-energy plants generate （产生）enough electricity to supply 2．4 million households in the US．But, providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants．In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-energy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant．
The major advantage of burning waste is that it considerably reduces the amount of trash going to landfills．The average American produces more than 1,600 pounds of waste a year．If all this waste were landfilled, it would take more than two cubic yards of landfill space．That’s the volume of a box three feet long, three feet wide, and six feet high．If that waste were burned, the ashes would fit into a box three feet long, three feet wide, but only nine inches high!
Some communities in the Northeast may be running out of land for new landfills．And, since most people don’t want landfills in their backyards, it has become more difficult to obtain permits to build new landfills．Taking the country as a whole, the United States has plenty of open space, of course, but it is expensive to transport garbage a long distance to put it into a landfill．
TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN?
Some people are concerned that burning garbage may harm the environment．Like coal plants, waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution when the fuel is burned to produce steam or electricity．Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste．Some chemicals can be a threat to people, the environment, or both, if they are not properly controlled．
Some critics of waste-to-energy plants are afraid that burning waste will hamper （妨碍，阻碍）recycling programs．If everyone sends their trash to a waste-to-energy plant, they say, there will be little motive to recycle．Several states have considered or are considering banning waste-to-energy plants unless recycling programs are in place．Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York City have delayed new waste-to-energy plants, hoping to increase the level of recycling first．
So, what’s the real story? Can recycling and burning waste coexist? At first glance, recycling and waste-to-energy seem to be at odds （不一致）, but they can actually complement （弥补）each other．That’s because it makes good sense to recycle some materials, and better sense to burn others．
Let’s look at aluminum, for example．Aluminum mineral is so expensive to mine that recycling aluminum more than pays for itself．Burning it produces no energy．So clearly, aluminum is valuable to recycle and not useful to burn．
Paper, on the other hand, can either be burned or recycled—it all depends on the price the used paper will bring．
Plastics are another matter．Because plastics are made from petroleum and natural gas, they are excellent sources of energy for waste-to-energy plants．This is especially true since plastics are not as easy to recycle as steel, aluminum, or paper．Plastics almost always have to be hand sorted and making a product from recycled plastics may cost more than making it from new materials．
To burn or not to burn is not really the question．We should use both recycling and waste-to-energy as alternatives to landfilling．
Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!
| WHY BURN WASTE? | Advantages of waste to Energy | ◆Though at a high （1）_______, waste-to-energy plants can produce enough electricity for 2．4 million US households． ◆Burning waste can （2）_______ a considerable amount of trash going to landfills． |
| （3）_______ for landfilling | ◆Some communities （4）_______ land for new landfills． ◆Most people refuse to build landfills around． ◆Building landfills in far-away areas will increase the cost of （5）_______ garbage． | |
| TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN? | （6）__________ about burning garbage | ◆Burning garbage releases chemicals, which, if not properly controlled, can be （7）_______ to people and the environment． ◆Burning garbage will hamper recycling programs． |
| Coexistence of recycling and burning waste | Recycling and waste-to-energy can go well with each other in that some materials like aluminum are fit to recycle, while others like plastics are fit to （8）_______． | |
| （9）__________ | Whether to burn or not to burn, we should （10）_______ landfilling with both recycling and waste-to-energy to deal with garbage． | |
1．cost 2．reduce / prevent / stop 3．Difficulties 4．lack 5．transporting
6．Concerns / Worries 7．harmful / dangerous 8．burn 9．Conclusion 10．replace
作业辅导系列答案请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
The changing food of early humans
Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?
In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.
In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.
Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish? Ks5u
| Main comparisons | Contexts |
| ___ are changing | In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first _____. |
| Nowadays, people seem to be more _____about themselves. | |
| ___are changing too. | People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing（谦让的）. |
| People may strive to achieve their own ___ at the price of their coworkers. | |
| The author’s understanding | |
| _______ for the changes in author’s eyes | Fierce __ and great ____on modern people may be responsible for the changes. |
| The author’s _____towards topic | A relationship which can _____ two sides should be established. |
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
When it comes to studying, some students may have different study habits, and some ways of studying may work for one and may not for another student. However, there are certain basic rules that can prove to be effective(有效的) in studying for an exam.
Make a plan for how to develop good study habits that last long. A plan should include a schedule(时间表) on when to study. It doesn’t have to be fixed(固定) and can be changed in case something more important and unexpected comes up. Start with a weekly schedule and determine which period of the day is filled with classes. Use some of the remaining time to study. When creating（制定） the schedule, one should include laboratory activities and extracurricular(课外的) work and take care of personal things and the job if there is one.
Study when one is fully awake and energetic（精力充沛）; it is recommended. Study for no less than 30 to 90minutes after a meal or two hours every day. If one is tired from work and decides to study, it may not be effective, especially if one finds the subject too difficult. It will only give stress and that night might only be forgotten in the next morning when he wakes up. For some students, they can study anywhere if they want; it could be in the library, study rooms or private rooms. A place where one can to focus attention on one’s study is recommended.
Make friends with those that are also eager to learn and pass the exam or achieve good grades. However, one has to balance（平衡） the time to spend with friends. Have and keep a healthy relationship with them.
Take down notes during the class. The hints(暗示) of some questions teachers give will come out in the exam. Sometimes they repeat the topic more than twice, so pay more attention in class. If one does not understand the topic, don’t hesitate(犹豫) to ask questions. A failure in communicating is one of the most common mistakes among students.
Rewrite notes taken from the class. It will help remember the topics that have been discussed and will give one more new ideas. For some students, they find that rewriting notes is very effective.
Take a five-minute break or go out and get some fresh air once in a while when studying. It will relax the mind and help one think better. Do come back to study after taking a short break.
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Title |
How to be effective in studying for an exam |
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Theme |
Although students’ study habits are 1. , some basic rules can be helpful for them. |
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Creating a schedule |
*The schedule should not be fixed because something important or that you weren’t 2. may happen. *Start with a weekly schedule and include all possible things. |
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(73) and place |
*Study during the time when you are fully awake and full of 3. . *Choose a suitable place where you can 4. your attention study. |
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The right friends |
*Make friends with hard-working students. *Balance the time or your relationship with them will be 5. . |
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(77) in class |
*Take down the hints a something that is repeated many times during the class. *Never hesitate to6. with teacher. |
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Rewriting notes |
Writing notes again is7. in remembering well what you have learned. |
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Taking a break |
A short break will make your mind8. . |
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。
Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.
Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their "host parents", who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.
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Title: Host Family Accommodation |
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Definition |
Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a (71) ▲ member of the host family, eating together and sharing the living areas with the hosts. |
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(72) ▲ |
Language study |
Students learn the language faster because they (73) ▲ frequently enough. |
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Cultural communication |
It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local (74) ▲ , people and culture. |
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Cost of (75) ▲ |
Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost. |
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Problems |
Loss of the selling point |
Hosts (76) ▲ enough time to communicate with students. |
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Rise in (77) ▲ |
Students are demanding more from their host families. |
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(78) ▲ taken |
Improvement of service quality |
Hosts are (79) ▲ living conditions. They are offering students structured (80) ▲ activities. |
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Conclusion |
Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students. |
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．
The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．
Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
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Paragraph outline |
Supporting Details |
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Communication begins with the self |
●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages． ●we are always（1.） ▲ in communication with others． |
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Communication （2.） ▲ others |
●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles． ●Messages from others help you（3.） ▲ who you are． ●Needs and（4.） ▲ of others should be considered． |
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Communication （5.） ▲ everywhere |
●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world． ●We are always（6.） ▲ other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you． ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’（7.） ▲ ． ●We are constantly（8.） ▲ meanings by what we do． |
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Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated |
●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot（9.） ▲ what remains in the other person’s mind． ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you（10.） ▲ achieve the same results． |