When TV news programs report wars or disasters, the editors rarely use the most horrifying pictures of dead or wounded victims because they don’t want to upset their viewers. Even so, viewers are usually warned in advance that they “may find some of these disturbing” so they can look away if they choose. But the men and women whose jobs are to record those scenes--the TV cameramen—have no such choice. It is their duty to witness the horrors of the war and record them, no matter how horrifying and unpleasant they may be. Consequently, it is one of the most dangerous, exposed and emotionally taxing job that the world offers.

Today, the demand for their work is rising. The explosion of satellite broadcasting and 24 hour news in recent years have created an almost insatiable(无法满足的)demand for TV information. But major broadcasters and the TV news agencies--such as Reuters and WTN---have never had enough staff to meet the world wide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to “Freelance” TV cameramen.

These freelance cameramen are independent operators tied to no particular organization. They will work for any company which hires them for just a few hours or for several weeks in a war zone. But if a freelance cameraman is injured in the course of the job, the TV company is not responsible for him. The freelancer must survive on his own.

“TV will always need hard, vivid moving pictures which are fresh, but these companies feel uncomfortable with large numbers of employees on their books,” explains Nik Growing, once foreign editor for Britain’s Channel 4 News and now a BBC news presenter.

“By hiring freelancers, they can buy in the skills they need only when they need them. It also enables them to contract out the risk,” he says.

1.The underlined word “taxing” in Para 1 most probably means_________.

A. demanding B. striking

C. satisfying D. encouraging

2.TV news agencies turn to freelance cameramen in order to _______.

A. save expenses and avoid risk

B. get first hand information and pictures

C. look for pictures that are of fine qualities

D. buy the horrifying pictures they need

3.From the passage we can know that _______.

A. TV cameramen should be given better choice of work

B. TV cameramen are being challenged by the freelancers

C. TV cameramen have to witness disasters and killing whether they like them or not

D. TV cameramen have to contract out the risks for their companies

4.The author of the passage shows his _______ the freelance cameramen.

A. respect for B. sympathy to

C. ignorance of D. admiration to

Dubai is one of the economically richest places in the world. With its numerous malls, hotels, resorts and beautiful beaches, Dubai has always been a popular holiday destination. This city was visited by around 5 million tourists each year. The government wanted to increase this number to 15 million. However, there was a shortcoming in this plan. Dubai had only 45 miles of coastline, which was nowhere enough for so many people. To handle this issue, an island that looked like a palm tree was built in 2006 and named the Palm Jumeirah.

The plan for the island was extraordinary. It was to host several hotels, shopping malls, restaurants and homes. Although the initial plan was to build the island from concrete, a decision was taken to create it from sand, so as to give it a natural look.

To make sure that this project was a success, the best engineers from across the world were employed. Engineers from Holland formed the majority in this group. To begin with, the engineers calculated the strength of storms at sea, and also the expected amount of rise in water levels due to global warming. And then they found that the proposed location for the island was neither very wide nor deep.

One of the difficulties encountered by the engineers was to put sand on the seabed to create the breakwater(防波堤), protecting the Plam Jumeirah from tidal forces. Finding the right sand for the project was a difficult task, as the sand from Dubai’s deserts was too fine. Instead, sand from the sea was used, as it was coarser(粗糙) and more water?resistant in nature. Once the breakwater was built, construction of the island began.

The Palm Jumeirah is really an impressive feat(伟绩) of engineering. However, the project is so large that it may have changed the ecology of the region. In addition, large quantities of money and resources go into sustaining the island, which is a major concern at the moment. Only time will tell if building the Palm Jumeirah is actually a good decision.

1.The first paragraph is intended to show ________.

A. the geographical features of Dubai

B. Dubai’s plan to attract more tourists

C. the reason for building the Palm Jumeirah

D. Dubai’s difficulty in developing the tourism industry

2.To build the island, the engineers ________.

A. overcame a number of challenges

B. were sent to Holland to receive training

C. did research on the formation of storms at sea

D. found the proper location for the island accidentally

3.What is the author’s attitude towards the construction of the Palm Jumeirah?

A. Positive. B. Objective.

C. Indifferent. D. Negative.

We can choose failure, but we can’t choose fear. That’s like what James Cameron said “Failure Is an Option (选择), but Fear Is Not” at the end of his TED talk and I love it. We shouldn’t be afraid of facing failure, try to accept it and learn from it.

Make mom for failure

Nobody wants to fail, but failure is often on your way to success. George Bernard Shaw said, “A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable (可敬的), but more useful than a life spent doing nothing.” So if you never fail then it probably means that you do nothing. Failure shows that you actually do something instead of just sitting in your comfortable seat.

Learn from each failure

Don’t just fail and get nothing out of it. Learn something from each failure that makes you better and better.

Fail fast

Time is precious, so if you fail then you’d better fail fast. Why? Because it will make you learn and improve faster. Don’t wait until everything is perfect. Instead, test your idea in the real world as soon as possible.

Don’t choose fear

Many people don’t want to work on something unknown. But fear is not a good choice, so you should be willing to try out your new ideas. Even if you aren’t successful, you will still come out better than before.

1.In the writer’s opinion, failure is not terrible.(______)

2.If you never fail, it may mean you do nothing. (______)

3.From the passage, we know that we should be away from failure. (______)

4.Many people are willing to try out their new ideas. (______)

5.Fear is not an option, but failure is. (______)

Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in town I wanted a rest before catching the train, so I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long table to keep a place and went to get a cup of coffee.

When I came back with the coffee, there was someone in the next seat. It was one of those wild-looking boys, with dark glasses and old clothes, and his hair was colored bright red at the front. What did surprise me was that he’d started to eat my chocolate.

I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn’t want to make more trouble. I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me closely. Then he took a second piece of chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didn’t say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt angrier. I thought, well, I shall have the last piece. “And I got it.”

The boy gave me a strange look, and then stood up. As he left he shouted out, “There is something wrong with the woman,” Everybody looked at me, but it was worse then I finished my coffee and got ready to leave. My face turned red when I knew I’d made a mistake. I wasn’t my chocolate that I had eaten. There was mine, just under my newspaper.

1.In which order did the writer do the following things?

a. Went into a coffee shop.

b. Got a cup of coffee,

c. Started to eat some chocolate.

d. Did some shopping.

e. Found a seat in the shop.

f. Bought some chocolate.

A. a, e, f, b, c, d B. a, d, f, b, e, c

C. d, f, a, e, b, c D. d, a, f, c, b, e

2.The writer went into the station coffee shop to______.

A. buy a newspaper B. meet a boy with dark glasses

C. put her heavy bag D. take a short rest

3.When the writer came back to the table, she was surprised because______.

A. her chocolate had been eaten up B. the boy was eating her chocolate

C. there was a boy sitting next to her D. what the boy did seemed quite rude

4.What did the writer do when the boy took a second piece of chocolate?

A. Looked at him closely.

B. Still didn’t say anything to him.

C. Took a third piece of chocolate.

D. Stood up and left.

5.How do you think the writer felt at last?

A. She felt disappointed B. She felt ashamed

C. She became angrier. D. She thought it very funny.

Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news.Those are "the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread amt monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people's e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

"The ‘if it bleeds ’rule works for mass media,"says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. "They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative,but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the "most e-mailed" list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared as Dr.Berger explains in his new book,"Contagious: Why Things Catch On."

1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

A. News reports. B. Research papers.

C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.

2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They’re socially inactive. B. They’re good at telling stories.

C. They’re inconsiderate of others. D. They're careful with their words.

3.Which tended to be the mast e-mailed according to Dr.Berger's research?

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

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