Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (议会). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.
 One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.

  1. 1.

    According to the passage we know that ______.

    1. A.
      Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England
    2. B.
      Francis Bacon had good education
    3. C.
      Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15
    4. D.
      Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 236.
  2. 2.

    The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means______.

    1. A.
      to discover general laws from particular facts or examples
    2. B.
      to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case
    3. C.
      to study things as they used to be
    4. D.
      to study things in a particular way7.
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is NOT true?

    1. A.
      Bacon was a learned man.
    2. B.
      Bacon did a lot of philosophy.
    3. C.
      The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time.
    4. D.
      Bacon gave scientists much useful advice.

Dear Laura,
I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you1.
I wanted to do something very2for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the perfect child. He3all summer to earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it4it looked almost new. I was so5of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.
I could6wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon a wakening, I went to the kitchen to7the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a8:” To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”
I was so9. It had been a long-standing joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I could10lessons. “Learn to play the piano, and I’11 get you one” was my husband’s11.
I stood there shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could12this expensive gift.
Of course, the13awoke, and my son was thrilled(激动的)with my reaction. Many kisses were14, and I immediately wanted him to15my gift.
As he saw the helmet and outfit, the look on his face was not16what I was expecting. Then I17that he has sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard.
Of course I was the proudest mother18on that day, and my feet never hit the ground for a month.
So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still19and lives even in the ever-changing world of me, me, me!
I thought you’d love to20this story.
Yours,
Hilary
P.S. The next day, my husband and I bought him a new “used” already shiny motorcycle.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      hope
    2. B.
      advice
    3. C.
      support
    4. D.
      courage
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      polite
    2. B.
      similar
    3. C.
      special
    4. D.
      private
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      played
    2. B.
      studied
    3. C.
      traveled
    4. D.
      worked
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      after
    2. B.
      before
    3. C.
      unless
    4. D.
      until
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      sure
    2. B.
      fond
    3. C.
      proud
    4. D.
      confident
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      perhaps
    2. B.
      really
    3. C.
      almost
    4. D.
      hardly
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      start
    2. B.
      cook
    3. C.
      set
    4. D.
      serve
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      note
    2. B.
      notice
    3. C.
      word
    4. D.
      sign
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      disturbed
    2. B.
      confused
    3. C.
      astonished
    4. D.
      inspired
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      give
    2. B.
      take
    3. C.
      draw
    4. D.
      teach
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      reason
    2. B.
      request
    3. C.
      comment
    4. D.
      response
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      present
    2. B.
      afford
    3. C.
      find
    4. D.
      order
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      neighbor
    2. B.
      building
    3. C.
      home
    4. D.
      house
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      exchanged
    2. B.
      experienced
    3. C.
      expected
    4. D.
      exhibited
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      tear
    2. B.
      open
    3. C.
      check
    4. D.
      receive
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      purely
    2. B.
      basically
    3. C.
      obviously
    4. D.
      exactly
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      realized
    2. B.
      remembered
    3. C.
      imagined
    4. D.
      supposed
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      only
    2. B.
      still
    3. C.
      ever
    4. D.
      even
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      works
    2. B.
      exists
    3. C.
      matters
    4. D.
      counts
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      send
    2. B.
      publish
    3. C.
      share
    4. D.
      write

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