Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
【小题1】The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because      .

A.they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B.they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in
C.they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D.they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
【小题2】Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?________.
A.AfraidB.CuriousC.ApprovingD.Uninterested
【小题3】The underlined sentence in paragraph one is closest in meaning to __________.
A.Attitudes to dirt are different in different times
B.Nothing is fixed for the attitudes to dirt
C.Attitudes to dirt never change
D.There isn’t anything fixed for attitudes to dirt
【小题4】 How does the passage mainly develop?____________.
A.By providing examplesB.By making comparisons
C.By following the order of timeD.By following the order of importance
【小题5】What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?___________.
A.To stress the role of dirt
B.To introduce the history of dirt
C.To call attention to the danger of dirt
D.To present the change of views on dirt


Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days,but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher.
If I have learned anything in my 16 years,it is that communication is very important,both when you disagree and when you get along.With any relationship,you need to let the other person know how you are feeling.If you are not able to communicate,your relationship drifts apart.When you are mad at your parents or anyone else,not talking to them doesn’t solve anything.
Communication begins with the concerns of another.It means that you can’t just come home from school,go up to your room and talk to nobody.Even if you just say “Hi” and see how their day is for five minutes,it is better than nothing.
If you look up the word “communication” in the dictionary,it will say “the exchange of ideas,conveyance (传递) of information,correspondence (通信),means of communication;a letter or message”.To keep a good relationship,you must keep the communication strong.Let people know how you feel,even if it’s just by writing a note.
When dealing with parents,you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as parents.If you are trying to make them see something as you see it,tell them that you listen to what they have to say,but ask them politely to listen to you.Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse.
Here is an example.One night,Sophie went to a street party with her friends.She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks.but they didn’t feel she could just ask to go home.That would be rude.After all,they had been nice enough to take her along with them.Needless to say,she was late getting home.Her parents were mad at first,but when Sophie explained why she was late,they weren’t as mad and let the incident go.Communication was the key factor here.If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen,Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.
Communication isn’t a one-way deal.It goes both ways.Just remember:if you get into a situation like Sophie’s,telling the other person how you feel and listening are key factors to communication.
68.The second paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A.the importance of friendship
B.making your feelings known to others
C.the importance of communication
D.the disagreement between generations
69.The key to happy relationship between parents and children is that _______.
A.children should always obey their parents
B.parents play the leading part
C.parents should mind their own business
D.both should make the other know their feelings
70.The example in the passage proves that ________.
A.Sophie’s parents were willing to listen to her
B.Sophie was very polite to her parents
C.Sophie did the right thing when she explained the reason of her being late
D.communication is the key to solving misunderstanding
71.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A.if you don’t agree with others,you’d better let them know
B.it is better to say “Hi” to others than to say nothing
C.if you are too busy to communicate,just walk away
D.communication is a two-way deal


第三部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
请阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项的标号涂黑。
May 16th            Wednesday                                            Sunny
They used to call her “the witch(女巫)”, but today I found things were different.
My legs were too short to reach the floor from up there on the big chair. I was so afraid. My legs started to shake.
It was the first time I had been to the principal’s(校长的) office. And I knew what she was going to ask me.
Why had I been running on the concrete(混凝土) in the playground? Why hadn’t I followed the school rules?
The principal’s secretary was sitting at her desk. She kept asking me questions like whether I liked school and what grade I was in. I didn’t want to talk to her, so I just gave one-word answers.         
Then she asked what my dad did. But I didn’t really know what he did, so I made something up. “He plays basketball for the Boston Celtics,” I said.
The secretary just looked at me, and said nothing more.
Just then, the door to the principal’s office opened. There she was, the woman that everyone called “the witch”.
Was she really that bad? I was surprised to see her office walls were bright yellow, and there were some nice pictures on the desk.
She told me about the pictures. I was surprised that she had a family and a kid, just like me.
Then she asked how my family was. It turned out that she had known me since I was only a few weeks old. I was happy to hear that. If she knew my mum, then I wouldn’t get into much trouble.
She cleaned the cut on my knee and told me to be more careful. She also told me about the rules of the playground. But she didn’t punish or shout at me. And I forgot all the bad things I had heard about “the witch”. I had met her and I knew she was nice.
1.“The witch” in the story refers to _______.
A. the writer                     B. the writer’s father            C. the secretary    D. the principal
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The writer often asked the principal for help.
   B. The principal must be very strict with students.
   C. Running in the playground was allowed by the school rules.
   D. The writer’s father was an excellent basketball player.
3.Which word can replace the underlined phrase “made up” (in Paragraph 6)?
   A. Told.                     B. Invented.             C. Minded.              D. Memorized.
4. How did the writer find the principal in the end?
   A. Terrible.            B. Kind.                        C. Proud.                D. Strict.

Finally, I got a part – time job working at the local coffee shop. I had figured that the job would be easy. However, the actual situation was not what I had expected. The customers were hard to please. There was always too much sugar, too little ice, or not enough skimmed milk. However, I kept at it.
One rainy day, Hank, one of my regular customers, came in looking sad and defeated. I asked what the problem was sand if we could help, but Hank wouldn’t tell me any details. He just said he felt like going to bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years. I knew exactly how he felt.
Before he left, I handed him a bag of his favorite type of doughnuts along with his iced coffee. He looked at me skeptically because he hadn’t ordered anything else except iced coffee.
“It’s on me,” I told him. “Have a nice day.”
He smiled and thanked me before turning around and heading back out into the rain.
The next day was a horrible one. The rain kept pouring down and I spent my afternoon hanging out the window, handing people their orders. What’s worse, no one felt like tipping that day.
However, around 7:00 pm, Hank drove up to the window. Instead of ordering anything, he handed me a single pink rose and a little note. He said that few people take the time to care about others nowadays and he was glad there we still people like me in the world. I was speechless and very touched; I hadn’t thought that I had done anything incredible.
The note read:
Christine,
Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday. I was sincerely touched by you. It is so nice to meet someone that’s nice, warm, sensitive and unselfish. Please don’t change your ways because I truly believe that you will excel. Have a great day!
Hank
Later, I did come across more complaining customers. But anytime I felt sad or just sick of coffee, I thought of Hank and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you?”
【小题1】How did the author feel after he began to work at the coffee shop?

A.Excited.B.Confused.C.Disappointed.D.Satisfied.
【小题2】What happened to the regular customer of the author?
A.He was very sick and had to stay in bed for some days.
B.He was not satisfied with the coffee served to him.
C.He was anxious to stay at home for a long time.
D.He was not feeling himself for some reasons.
【小题3】.What does the underlined word “skeptically” probably mean in the passage?
A.questioninglyB.hopefullyC.anxiouslyD.excitedly
【小题4】.It was Hank who helped the author realize the importance of        .
A.patience in one’s workB.being kind to regular customers
C.taking time to care about othersD.sticking to one’s own career
【小题5】What is the best title of the passage?
A.A Warm – hearted ManB.Coffee Shop Kindness
C.My Part – time JobD.A Horrible Raining Day

Nowadays more and more people are trapped in too busy work to relax themselves. We have no time to tell a bed-time story to our children, or enjoy a nice dinner with our family, or take a break to think about how we live the precious life, or even meet friends. All we notice is that the distinctions that used to guide and steady us ------ between Sunday and Monday, public and private, here and there ------ are gone. We have more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Partly because we’re so busy communicating.
Maybe that’s why more and more people I know, even if they have no religious commitment, seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation, or tai chi. Some friends of mine try to go on long walks every Sunday, or to “forget” their cellphones at home. A series of tests in recent years has shown that after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects “exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition. Their brains become both calmer and sharper.” More than that, empathy, as well as deep thought, depends on neural processes that are “inherently slow. ” The very ones our high-speed lives have little time for.
In my own case, I turn to eccentric and often extreme measures to try to keep my sanity and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all. I’ve not yet used a cellphone and I’ve never Tweeted or entered Facebook. I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan.
None of this is a matter of principle or asceticism (苦行主义): it’s just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better-----calmer, clearer and happier----than being in one place, absorbed in a book, a conversation, a piece of music. It’s actually something deeper than mere happiness: it’s joy, which the monk David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.” That is the highest of the highest we have been longing for----The Joy of Quiet.
【小题1】The writer sometimes doesn’t do anything because ________.

A.he is out of work .
B.whatever he does make no sense
C.he is worried about his writing.
D.he can enjoy himself in his leisure time.
【小题2】When the writer uses the word “forget” , his real meaning is _______.
A.Somebody really forgets his cellphone at home.
B.Somebody thinks cellphone is not a suitable means of communication.
C.Somebody hates modern techniques such as the cellphone.
D.Somebody leaves his cellphone at home on purpose.
【小题3】Which of the following is right?
A.It is better to go back to the ancient times since we are so busy now.
B.The writer is unwilling to help others since he is selfish.
C.Slowing down to find time and space to think and enjoy oneself is urgent.
D.We have more to say because we have more ways to communicate.
【小题4】What does the underlined word mean?
A.differenceB.samenessC.simplicityD.complication
【小题5】What is the main idea of the article?
A.The importance of spending time in quiet.
B.We can do some sports such as yoga to relax.
C.Principle or asceticism is important in one’s life.
D.The more we communicate, the more we will be closer.

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