题目内容

12.A new study,done by a private American organization called Population Action International,warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.It also says over 335million people in 28countries lack enough water now,most of which are in Africa or the Middle East.
PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025,about 3,000million people may lack water.At least 18more countries are expected to have severe water problems.The demand for water keeps increasing.Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr.Engelman says the population in countries lacking water is growing faster than in other parts of the world.He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
The report says lack of water may result in several problems.It may increase health problems.Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe.Mr.Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases,such as cholera,which are carried in water.Lack of water may also result in more international conflicts.Countries may have to compete for water in the future.Some countries now get 60% of their fresh water from other countries.This is true of Egypt,the Netherlands,Cambodia,Syria,Sudan,and Iraq.
The PAI study gives several solutions(解决办法)to the water problem.One way,it says,is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose.Another way is to teach people not to waste water.A third way is to use less water for agriculture.The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controlling population growth.

59.According to the report,which is the reason for lack of water?C
A.International conflicts.
B.Serious water pollution.
C.Increasing demand for water.
D.Using water for more than one purpose.
60.Which of the following statements is true?B
A.The amount of water on earth is becoming less.
B.Lack of water may cause some health problems such as cholera.
C.28countries in Africa or the Middle East lack enough water now.
D.Egypt,China,and Iraq get 60% of the fresh water from other countries.
61.How many ways to solve the water problem are mentioned in the passage?C
A.1.   B.2.    C.4.      D.5.
62.We can know from the study done by PAI thatD.
A.the population will stop growing because of lack of water
B.about 3,000million people in the world lack water at present
C.lack of water may occur in fewer countries in Africa by 2025
D.we need to control population growth to solve the water problems.

分析 本文属于科教类的短文阅读.文章主要讲了世界水资源的匮乏,分析了这种现象存在的原因以及解决此问题的一些办法.

解答 CBCD
59.C.细节理解题.根据第二段The demand for water keeps increasing.Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.可知,由于对水的需求量一直在增加,而地球上的出水量固定,所以导致了水资源的匮乏;故选C.
60.B.推理判断题.根据第二段Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.可知,地球水资源的数量保持不变,A项错误;根据第三段中The report says lack of water may result in several problems.It may increase health problems.可知,B项表述正确;根据第一段中It also says over 335million people in 28countries lack enough water now,most of which are in Africa or the Middle East.可知,现在28个国家中的3.35亿人严重缺水,大部分位于非洲和中东国家,C项的描述不准确,可排除;由倒数第二段中Some countries now get 60% of their fresh water from other countries.This is true of Egypt,the Netherlands,Cambodia,Syria,Sudan,and Iraq.可知,从其他国家获得60%淡水的国家不包括中国,D表述错误,也可排除;故选B.
61.C.细节理解题.根据最后一段A third way is to use less water for agriculture.The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controlling population growth.可知,解决办法总共列举了四种;故选C.
62.D.推理判断题.文章最后一句The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controlling population growth.说明解决用水匮乏的长远办法还是控制人口的增长;故选D.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断

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3.Some students get so nervous before an exam that they do poorly even if they know the material.Sian Beilock,a psychology professor at the University of Chicago,has studied these highly anxious exam-takers.
"They start worrying about the results.They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want.And when we worry,it actually uses up attention and memory resources that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam,"says Sian Beilock.
The researchers tested the idea on a group of 20anxious college students.They gave them two short math exams.After the first one,they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the coming second exam.
The researchers added to the pressure.They told the students that those who did well on the second exam would get money.They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 20% worse on the second exam.But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.
Next,the researchers used younger students in a biology class.They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the exam.
Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who wrote about their feelings got an average grade of B+,compared with a B-for those who did not.
But what can they do if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation?Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and they can still improve their performance.

61.In which paragraph does the author introduce the background(背景) of his study?A
A.In the first paragraph.
B.In the second paragraph.
C.In the third paragraph
D.In the last paragraph.
62.According to Sian Beilock,if you want to succeed in an exam you shouldB.
A.be as serious as you can about the exam.
B.focus your attention on the exam.
C.set clear study goals and keep them
D.make a careful preparation for the exam
63.We can infer from the study that students who sit quietly before the examC.
A.are more likely to get better exam results.
B.have a positive attitude towards exam results.
C.worry more about the exam in their mind.
D.have a strong will to be successful in the exam.
64.The underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refers to"C".
A.looking for a chance                     B.preparing for the exam
C.writing about the feelings               D.taking the exam
65.If a student writes about his feelings before an exam,heA.
A.will improve his exam result          B.can keep a good memory of the exam
C.will get support from his teachers    D.will forget what he has prepared for the exam.
20.Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions,ocean drilling,and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields,underwater earthquakes,and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water,a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales'ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected(被感染的).
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels.They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals.However,many scientists don't think that noise is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

26.According to the passage,which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?C
A.The sound of  ______ cars.
B.The sound of voices.
C.Man-made noise pollution.
D.The sound of steps.
27.According to the passage,natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPTB.
A.sounds made by animals themselves   B.ocean drilling
C.underwater earthquakes              D.the breaking of ice fields
28.Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?A
A.The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B.Different places may have different types of noises.
C.The decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.
D.Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
29.Which of the following is true of whales?D
A.They won't be confused by noises.
B.They are deaf to noises.
C.Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.
D.Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.
30.According to the passage,what will scientists most probably do in the future?B
A.They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B.They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C.They will try to set a limit of 120decibels.
D.They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
7.Your smart-phone(智能手机) can do a lot of things.It can call people.It connects to the Internet.It enables you to play fun games.But there is a dark side to this smart little device of yours-it might also spread disease.
"People are just as likely to get sick from their phones as from handles of the bathroom,"Jeffery Cain,the president of the American Academy of Family Physicians,told The Wall Street Journal.
This may be hard to believe,but scientists reached this conclusion after they tested eight random cell phones from an office in Chicago.All the tested phones showed high numbers of coli forms(大肠菌),a kind of bacteria found in excrement(粪便),with about 2,700 to 4,200 units of the bacteria on each phone.In drinking water,the healthy limit is less than 1 unit per 100 ml of water.This bacteria can cause flu,pinkeye(红眼病) and diarrhea(腹泻).That's right-your phone is covered with excrement!
Although computers,keys and pens all carry bacteria,our smart-phones get far dirtier.They touch a lot of stuff,including our pocket or purse.We take them almost everywhere:the bus,the subway and who hasn't played Angry Birds or Fruit Ninja while sitting on the toilet?
"Some things that we think are personal are actually more public than we imagine,"Cain said.
What's even worse is that after the phone returns from its dirty trip,it then spends most of its time covering our faces.Our noses,mouths and ears are all warm and rich in grease(油脂),an environment that bacteria really like.
Compared to traditional keypads,touch screens spread bacteria more easily to hands.According to Time magazine's website,an expert in Australia warned that playing with iPads and iPhones at Apple stores is a health risk.
 
26.The underlined word"dark"in the first paragraph meansD.
A.black        B.hopeless         C.unclear          D.unpleasant
27.Which of the following best describes the tone of the third paragraph?C
A.Angry.B.Interested.C.Concerned.D.Delighted.
28.By saying"Some things we think are personal are actually more public than we imagine"in Paragraph 5,Cain meant thatC.
A.people love to share their smart-phones more than they realize
B.our personal items could be as risky to our health as public items
C.smart-phones are used in public places more than people realize
D.most people don't know how dirty their cell phones are
29.Compared with traditional keypads,smart-phonesB
A.are greasier and need more alcohol to clean
B.make contact with our hands more often
C.get warm more easily and are harder to clean
D.get much nearer to our faces
30.What is the article mainly about?B
A.Tips on the use of smart-phones.
B.Health problems caused by the use of smart-phones.
C.The danger of coli forms infection.
D.The influence that smart-phones have on our life.
17.My dad was never the kind to offer many words of love or encouragement.But we knew he loved us…he just had his own way of showing it.
When I was a teen,we were seasonal campers at a family campground almost an hour outside the city where we lived.Each family had their own campsite with water and electric,and you basically parked your camper there from May through October.Most"Seasonals"visited them every weekend during those months,with the occasional weeklong stay.There were plenty of other kids who camped seasonally each weekend,and they came to be some of my closest friends.Of course,many of them were boys.
We kids paired up with our little boyfriends or girlfriends,and we'd hold hands as we'd walk around the campground.We'd play ping-pong,have some snacks,and play songs.Most weekends were pretty similar,but the couples would change.You'd see so-and-so with a different so-and-so than they were with the weekend before.You know how it is when you're a teen-a three-week relationship is a really long time.
So,needless to say,my teen years were spent with quite a few different boys.But every single one of them had something in common…they'd all received The Evil Eye.
The Evil Eye was a magical sort of thing.One simple look from my dad,and the boy immediately knew not to mess with me.It was as if he could send his warnings through invisible laser(激光)beams that shot directly from his eyes to the boys'brains.
"You will not put your hands on my daughter…You will not kiss my daughter…You will not even whisper sweet nothings into my daughter's ear."
I remember one night in particular,walking with a boy around the campground after dark.We came from one direction,and my dad from the other.The boy and my dad locked eyes for a brief second,then the boy dropped my hand like a hot potato and turned away,giving me a quick,"See you later."
Yes,the Evil Eye.Best way ever to keep wandering teen boy hands away from your daughters.

56.The Evil Eye in the passage implies thatD.
A.Dad gets angry easily
B.Dad's eyes are like evil's
C.Dad's eyes are ugly-looking   
D.Dad's eyes are protective to his daughter
57.The underlined words"mess with"in paragraph 5most probably meansB.
A.make untidy  B.cause trouble  C.get married to  D.talk to
58.It can be inferred from the passage that the authorC.
A.is a teenage girl who loves her father
B.is a teenage boy who hates his father
C.is now an adult who has come to understand her father's love
D.used to be a naughty boy who changed girlfriends now and then.
4.Learning the language of a country isn't enough.If you want to ensure a pleasant visit,find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your hosts.
Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.If you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia,some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have?They want you to give a loud"burp"(打嗝) after you finish eating.Burping would show that you liked your food.But in some other countries,if you give a loud burp,you are told to say"Excuse me,please."
In many places,people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating together.People show their good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.
You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own.A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself.Also in India,you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree.But in most parts of India,a shake of the head is a gesture that expresses agreement or acceptance.Nodding your head when you are offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty. In that country Bulgaria,you shake your head to mean"yes"-a nod means"no".
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone,even at an important meeting.Doing this when you are meeting an important person in Thailand,however,could cause offence.It is considered too informal an attitude for such an occasion.Also try to avoid touching the head of an adult-it's just not done in Thailand.
Attitudes to women vary much around the world.In Japan,for example,it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home.
Knowing about customs and attitudes is useful when you are traveling,but you also need to know the language used to express different degrees of formality(礼节).
51.In Mongolia,if you give a loud burp after eating,your friends will be veryC.
A.surprised             B.sorry            C.happy               D.upset
52.Where do people eat back to back?A
A.In Polynesia          B.In Mongolia     C.In Japan             D.In India
53.From the passage,we know that shaking head means"yes"inD.
A.Thailand          B.Mongolia        C.Japan            D.Bulgaria
54.The underlined sentence"Nodding your head when you are offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty."MeansA.
A.you are probably not to be served a drink when you nod your head
B.you're possibly eager to have a drink if you nod your head
C.it's probable that you are thirsty if you nod your head
D.you'd like to have a cup of tea because you nod your head
55.According to the passage,which attitude to women is usual in Japan?B
A.Men always go to parties with women.
B.Men plan evening entertainments for themselves,while their wives stay at home.
C.Men and women have equal rights to go to parties.
D.Men plan evening entertainments for their wives.

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