Question

12．What is the nature of the scientific attitude，the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics，biology，chemistry，geology，engineering，medicine or any other science？
    We all know that science plays an important role in our societies．However，many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．The first aspect is the application of the machines，products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop．The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work．
    What are these special methods of thinking and acting？First of all，it seems that a successful scientist is curious-he wants to find out how and why the universe works．He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation，and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected．Moreover，he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves．
    He is a good observer，accurate，patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest．For example，trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）．
    He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available．He rejects authority as the only basis for truth．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively．
    Furthermore，he does not readily accept his own idea，since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation．
    Lastly，he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete．Furthermore，he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place．
    These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts．

66．Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughB．
A．knowledge only                        B．more than one aspect
C．technology only                       D．the use of machines
67．Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE？C
A．He doesn't find confidence and pleasure in work．
B．He is interested in problems that are explained．
C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections．
D．He looks for new ways of acting．
68．According to the passage，a successful scientist would NOTA．
A．easily believe in unchecked statements      
B．easily criticize others'research work
C．always use his imagination in work  
D．always use evidence from observation
69．What is the author's attitude towards the topic？B
A．Critical．B．Objective．C．Unclear．D．Prejudiced．
70．What does the passage mainly discuss？C
A．Application of technology．
B．Progress in modem society．
C．Scientists'ways of thinking and acting．
D．How to become a successful scientist．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇说明文．主要说明的是科学家思维和行为模式．科学在社会中起着重要作用．许多人认为，我们的进取取决于科学的两个不同的方面．第一个方面是机器的运用，产品知识、科学家和技术人员开发系统．而是思想和行为为科学家在研究中使用特殊方法．有哪些特殊的方法呢？成功地科学家总是充满好奇心，努力探索宇宙是运行的原因及方式；他们善于观察、客观、耐心、力求精准、一切以事实为基础；不轻易接受未经充分论证的结论；具备丰富的想象力．

解答 66-70 BCABC
66．B   细节理解题、根据第二段中的"However，many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science．"可知，很多人认为我们的进步依赖于两种不同的科学方面，故选B．
67．C   细节理解题．根据第三段中的"he wants to find out how and why the universe works．He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation，and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected"可知，他们想了解宇宙是如何运作的，他们通常都会注意到还没有满意解释的一些问题，即使现有的数据似乎似乎毫无关联，但他们也要一探究竟．即他们会努力研究探讨可能的潜在联系，故选C．
68．A  细节理解题．根据第五段中的"Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively"可知，科学家们会检验观点，认真、谨慎、客观地做实验，即他们不轻易相信和接受未经充分论证的结论，故选A．
69．B   推理判断题．根据最后一段中"These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts"可知，这些便是成功地科学家和技术家的思维模式和行为方式，可推知从第三段至第七段都是有关这些思维模式和行为方式．因此作者对这些思维模式和行为方式是具体的、客观的，故选A．
70．B   主旨大意题．纵观全文可知，文章主要说明的是科学家思维和行为模式，文章从第三段至最后一段都是在阐述具体的科学家思维和行为模式．故选B．

点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．