题目内容
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, _______the general pattern varies little from one setting to the other.
A. whose B. in which C. of which D. where
A
阅读快车系列答案If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（认知的） advantage over those less educated in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with an average age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal (言语的)memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a series of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman. “Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”
【小题1】 What is the text mainly about?
| A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage. |
| B．Better memories result from college degree. |
| C．Cognitive activity does good to one’s mind. |
| D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines. |
| A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder |
| B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory |
| C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education |
| D．an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory |
| A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory. |
| B．The average age of the participants are 56 years old. |
| C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas. |
| D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree. |
hman’s study promising?| A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory. |
| B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines. |
| C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control cognitive functioning. |
| D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories. |
When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.
Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally（道德方面）right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.
First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil（恶行）.
Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs.
Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.
There is an opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think the local government department should help the beggars
It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.
1.What is mainly discussed in the passage?
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A．Moral deeds of people. |
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B．Arguments on giving to beggars. |
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C．Moral goodness of the giver. |
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D．Religious activities of the church. |
2.What can we infer from the underlined sentence “But has the world changed?” in Para.2 ?
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A．People no longer know who suffers misfortune in the village. |
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B．Some people will not do what was morally right in the past. |
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C．We don’t meet with those who need help any more. |
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D．Now it is the government’s duty to help the beggars. |
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
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A．Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars. |
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B．Some beggars have no excuse for begging. |
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C．Some beggars use the money to buy drugs. |
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D．Some beggars need money for their children’s schooling. |
4.In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because________.
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A．there is so much money wasted |
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B．there are so many beggars |
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C．the cases can be so different |
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D．there are so many different arguments |