题目内容

Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers, giving keyboard shortcuts an unprecedented importance. Elementary and high schools across the country now view typing courses as essential to their curricula. But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society?

Brain power, according to science. Researchers from Princeton University and the University of California, Los Angeles conducted a series of studies to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes. Participants took notes on a lecture using one of the two methods and were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. The results showed that both types of notetakers did well on the first test, though longhand notetakers had a stronger grasp of the overall concept, but students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas.

At the University of Nebraska, educational psychologist Kenneth Kiewra held a similar study, where some students were tested immediately following a PowerPoint lecture and others had a chance to review their notes before being tested. Those who took notes on a laptop had a slight advantage on the test right after the lecture, but students with written notes performed significantly better when given the chance to review. Kiewra told the Wall Street Journal that the reason is likely because written notes are briefer, more organized, and better captured information from graphs and charts than typed notes.

Computers aren’t going away anytime soon, but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks need to become obsolete(过时). In fact, it’s best to start using them at an early age. University of Indiana researchers compared brain scans of five year olds, some of whom practiced printing letters and some who just looked at the letters. Those who wrote out the letters had more enhanced and “adult-like” neural activity.

Take this as a parenting hack for the digital era: Don’t let your kids go completely digital.

1.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.

A. Not both types of notetakers did well on the material test 30 minutes after the lecture.

B. It’s easy for both types of notetakers to welcome new ideas.

C. Students who wrote notes out could only remember the lecture in a week.

D. Students who typed notes could have a better understanding of the material.

2.Why students with written notes performed much better when given the chance to review according to Kiewar?

A. Because the written notes are much more convenient and accessible.

B. Because they have a higher level of intelligence than those with typed notes.

C. Because they are born adapting themselves to new ideas easily.

D. Because the typed notes are always without any references.

3.The passage mainly provides suggestions for ________.

A. students B. parents

C. schools D. enterprises

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Electronic sensors built into paper could be used in a range of ways from information storage to touch screens and more.

Electronic sensors built into cartons(纸盒)may make it easier to tell when it’s time to throw out rotten milk or orange juice. And that’s just the start. At least that’s the goal for researchers working on putting electronics into paper. They’re trying to figure out how to combine the flexibility, low-cost and recyclability of paper with the information-carrying ability of electronics.

Daniel Torbjork, a physics graduate student in Finland, has been working on the problem. He’s published a review of the field in the journal Advanced Materials.

Much research has been focused in this area. While most electronic applications require patterned conducting structures, conductive paper could be used in applications such as energy storage devices, sensors, electric heaters and others, according to Torbjork.

“You could even have some interactive functions in magazines,” Torbjork said, “You could put a simple game in a package. If you want a touch screen, press a button and then something happen. Sensors in paper could tell us when something has gone bad.”

Additional applications, such as information storage and security paper, have been suggested for magnetic papers containing magnetite. In Massachusetts, researchers have figured out how to post a video of such a device put into a paper airplane.

German researchers have also put electronic chips in paper bank notes to defend counter-feiters(造伪币者). Paper is a good material but printing electronics also requires low-cost manufacturing. As many US and European paper makers lose market share to cheaper paper from China, these big paper companies are looking for added value products. That’s where electronic paper devices could make a difference.

“The major obstacles are paper’s large surface roughness and chemical impurities.” Torbjork says. But others in the field think that electronic sensors in paper are still far from the consumer marketplace.

“I don’t think it’s going to happen.” said Roy Horgan. “You need a conductive surface. It could be 10 years out. What we are looking for are solutions that you can commercialize to?day.”

Solar Print is partnering with Italian automaker Fiat to develop a unique auto-glass with tiny photostatic cells(光电)that can capture electricity from the sun. In the meantime, using paper to conduct electricity is still a “blue-sky” project.

“I would love to see someone prove me wrong, because that means that it’s actually happening.” Horgan said. “If someone comes up with conductive paper, then that’s a very interesting technology.”

1.Putting electronics into paper will ________.

A. cut the cost and impurity of paper

B. depend on flexible conductive structure

C. help consume rotten milk or orange juice

D. combine the advantages of paper and electronics

2.Paragraphs 4 to 7 mainly talk about the ________ of the conductive paper.

A. practical use B. theories

C. structures D. design process

3.Some paper makers welcome the new technology probably because it will ________.

A. put an end to fake money B. make the paper smoother

C. add more value to paper D. improve the printing technology

4.From the passage, we know that Roy Horgan ________.

A. has a burning desire to make a great profit

B. showed much interest in Solar Print industry

C. is not confident about the conductive paper

D. started a “blue-sky” project to study paper

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