题目内容
16.Over two hundred years ago,Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution.If we enjoy a high standard of living in modem society,we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher.If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars,wearing fashionable shoes,or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays,we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible.What was Adam Smith's contribution?Like so many ideas which have surprising effects,his was a simple one.He watched workers practicing their craft(工艺) of pi11making.One man would heat the strip of metal,stretch it out,cut off a suitable length,shape it,cool it and finally smooth and shine it.Smith drew attention to the advantages which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers.Let one be responsible for preparing the metal.Another for stretching and cutting.Another for shaping.Another for finishing.He described the technique as the Division of Labor; in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again.Smith made the world believe that specialization could solve the problem of poverty and want.
What was the result?The Industrial Revolution.Productivity was greatly increased.For Britain,where the revolution started,there was a prosperity which made it the richest country in the nineteenth century.British trains and railway lines spread out like a spider's web across the world. British ships were used to carry the new goods from one corner of the world to another.
The revolution is not over.It is still with us,but now it is a worldwide phenomenon (现象). Everywhere,factories are producing large numbers of similar products,and are in continuous production.What were called mass-production lines yesterday are called robotic productions today.The pace of change is increasing.And if these techniques have brought us prosperity,they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns,boring jobs and,most of all,unemployment.
57.What would be the best tide for the text?D
A.The Causes of Industrial Revolution
B.Adam Smith,the Economist and Philosopher
C.The Industrial Revolution and Its Significance
D.The Theory of Division of Labor and Its Significance
58.We should be grateful to Adam Smith becauseA.
A.his ideas made it possible for people to improve their lives
B.he invented a more efficient way of pin making
C.he brought to people a high standard of living
D.he started the industrial revolution
59.Which of the following is true according to the text?D
A.The Division of Labor makes work more interesting.
B.Adam Smith insisted that each worker be better paid.
C.Specialization could solve the problem of unemployment.
D.Adam Smith put forward the idea of the Division of Labor.
60.We can learn from the text that the Industrial RevolutionC.
A.led to Adam Smith's idea of specialization
B.was finished in the nineteenth century
C.also has its side-effects in society
D.put an end to poverty in the world.
分析 在二百年前,亚当斯密了一些想法,带来了世界革命.在现代社会中,如果我们享受着较高的生活水准,我们非常感谢这个苏格兰经济学家和哲学家.如果我们在享受驾驶的汽车的便捷,穿着时髦的鞋子,或飞行到遥远的地方去过令人兴奋的假期,我们也许应该感谢他让这一切成为可能.
解答 57.答案 D 根据第二段Hedescribed the technique as the Division of Labor; in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again.可知文章的前两段讲的是 the Division of Labor;而根据第三段第一句What was the result?可知,后两段讲述的是它的影响,故答案为D
58.答案 A 根据第一段If weenjoy a high standard of living in modem society,we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher.If we enjoy driving in beautifulcars,wearingfashionable shoes,or flyingaway to distant places for exciting holidays,we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible.可以得知,我们现在的生活水平高了,人们生活方便幸福多了,但这一切不能忘了Adam Smith,故答案为A
59.答案D 由they havealso brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns,boring jobs可以得知,工作不是有趣,而是无聊,A排除;全文没有提到Adam Smith关于工人工资的事情,B排除;根据文章最后一句And if these techniqueshave brought us prosperity,they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns,boring jobs and,most of all,unemployment.可知,专业化带来是更多的失业,D排除;
60.答案C 从文章的最后一段And if these techniques havebrought us prosperity,they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns,boring jobs and,most of all,unemployment.说到 the Industrial Revolution会带来拥挤的城镇、工作的无聊、失业等等负面问题,注意side-effect副作用.故答案为C
点评 人物传记是记叙文体的一种,主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等,这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法,即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人,接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程,然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩,来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操,最后作者会对他(她)进行评论,从而表达作者对他(她)的情感.该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性,又注重考查推理判断能力.
A. | finding | B. | found | C. | to find | D. | to have found |
A. | Find out | B. | Found out | C. | Finding out | D. | To find out |
A. | which | B. | that | C. | because | D. | since |