题目内容
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As reported in the essay by Prof. Brown, it is only in the most difficult circumstances ________ a man’s abilities are fully tested.
A. when B. where C. that D. as
D
Everybody hates it, but everybody does it. A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping. In America alone, tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip.
But according to new research from Cornell University, tips no longer serve any useful function. The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak. Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.
Tipping is better explained, by culture than by the money people spend. In America, the custom came into being a long time ago. It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants, failing to tip at least l5％ could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers. Hairdressers can expect to get l5％-20％, and the man who delivers your fast food $2. In Europe, tipping is less common. In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping.
According to Michael Lynn，the Cornell papers’ author, countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more. Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers. And Mr. Lynn says, “In America, where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.”
【小题1】This passage is mainly about________.
| A．different kinds of tipping in different countries |
| B．the relationship between tipping and custom |
| C．the origin and present meaning of tipping |
| D．most American people hate tipping |
| A．Been hated． | B．Become popular． |
| C．Been stopped． | D．Been permitted |
| A．A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York. |
| B．A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York. |
| C．A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York. |
| D．An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well known restaurant in New York. |
| A．tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves |
| B．tipping has something to do with people’s character |
| C．tipping in America can make service better now |
| D．tipping is especially popular in New York |
When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw almost dropped to the ground: a big “65” in bright red ink. I had never received such a terrible grade before.
I was so ashamed that when I got home that afternoon I lied to my dad. I told him I got 85 and that the report wouldn’t come until the end of the month. Dad smiled. His daughter would never lie about her grade, so he didn’t doubt the unusual delay of my report.
A month later, Dad casually asked me again about the report at the dinner table. He looked right into my eyes and asked for an answer. Having no choice, I told him that I had in fact got just 65 in my math final. I had lied because I didn’t want to let him down.
For a moment, he just looked at me. I would have preferred a telling off than that silence. Finally, Dad said, in a hurt voice, “You have already let me down, with your lie. I am not disappointed at your math score. That is no big deal – no one can be perfect all the time. But I am very disappointed in you. If you can’t be honest with your dad, who can you be honest with? It’s much easier to achieve a better grade than rebuild someone else’s trust in you.”
Dad’s words touched my heart. I couldn’t forgive myself for having hurt his feelings. I took out the report that I had been hiding for weeks, handed to him and apologized, sincerely. I realized that my honesty is not only important to me personally, but to those around me that truly care about my well-being.
In one of Shakespeare’s plays a character says: “No legacy is so rich as honesty.” After the crisis between Dad and me, I began to understand those words.
【小题1】.The first paragraph may suggest that the author ______.
| A．was punished by her father for a bad grade |
| B．never expected teachers to give her bad grades |
| C．usually got a higher grade |
| D．was bad at math |
| A．she thought her father would believe her story |
| B．she didn’t want to let her father down |
| C．her father wouldn’t get her grade report |
| D．her father got angry whenever she got a poor grade |
| A．He didn’t understand what his daughter had said. |
| B．He was angry that his daughter lied to him again. |
| C．He was unhappy with his daughter’s bad score. |
| D．He was hurt that his daughter had lied to him. |
| A．dishonesty may work sometimes, but there is a price to pay |
| B．sometimes a lie can make things easier |
| C．we should study hard to make our parents happy |
| D．we should accept the fact that we are not perfect |
The disaster at the Chernobyl(former USSR前苏联) power station happened quickly and without warning. It was in the early hours of April 26, 1986 when the cooling system of the reactor(反应堆) failed. Minutes later, a violent (猛烈地) explosion blew the top off the reactor and blasted(爆炸生成) a huge cloud of radioactive gas high into atmosphere. Two people were killed imm
ediately. Hundreds received powerful radiation overdose (过量). And more than 25,000 had to b
e taken away from their homes.
Days later, the radioactive cloud had spread as far as Scotland. Its radiation was weak, but all over Europe radioactive rain was falling. In some areas people were advised not to eat fresh vegetables, or drink fresh milk, and the sale of meat was forbidden.
The accident at Chernobyl was the world’s worst nuclear accident. In Britain, it convinced (使……相信) many people that all nuclear power stations should be shut down for good. But the Central Electricity Generating Board didn’t agree. They claimed that ·similar disasters could not happen in Britain because of safer designs, fewer deaths are caused using nuclear fuel (燃料) than by mining for coal or drilling for oil and gas. Nuclear accidents are unusually fewer compared with other types of accidents-such as air crashes, fires or dam break-down more nuclear power stations are necessary because the world’s
supplies of oil, coal and natural gas are running out.
In 1957 in Cumbria (Britain) a nuclear reactor overheated and caught fire. No one was killed but fourteen workers received radiation overdose. Small amounts of gas and dust were let out over the local countryside.
An official report said the accident was nearly a full-scale disaster. The Nuclear Authority wanted the report published but the Prime Minister at the time refused. He thought that it would make people less confident in Britain’s nuclear industry. Thirty years later, the cabinet(内阁) records of 1957 were published. Only then did the public discover what had really happened in Cumbria.
【小题1】. One result of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster was that ______.
| A．25,000 people were killed |
| B．fresh foods were polluted |
| C．people in Scotland were taken away from their homes |
| D．hundreds of houses in Chernobyl were destroyed |
| A．are most unlikely to cause death | B．are always kept secret from the public |
| C．can only happen in underdeveloped countries | D．may happen in any country that has nuclear power station. |
| A．still believed it could not happen in their country. |
| B．were not convinced that nuclear power stations could be safe |
| C．accepted that there would be fewer deaths than in drilling for oil |
| D．supported nuclear power stations because world fuel supplies were low |
| A．Britain’s supplies of oil, coal and gas were running out |
| B．it takes thirty years for the effects of radiation to appear |
| C．fewer people died in that accident than in other types of accidents |
D．it was conce rned that the British people would doubt their country’s nuclear expertise (核技术) |
cause they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics, rather than the chemical’s full background.