题目内容

16．下面的饼状图显示了某校对学生学业成绩评价的新体制，图表所示①-⑤项全面构成了一个学生的学业成绩．假如你是该校学生，请根据下列图示，以"The New Grading System in Our School"为题用英语写一篇短文，准备给《二十一世纪英文报》投稿．内容包括：
1．简要描述图中信息；
2．谈谈你对这一新举措的看法并说明原因．
注意：词数：100-120，文章的题目和开头已给出（不计词数）；
图表说明：①→test results
②→notes
③→homework
④→class performances
⑤→teamwork
The New Grading System in Our SchoolIn order to help students develop their abilities in all fields，our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system．This chart shows how it works．
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分析 高分句型：
句型一：
Instead，how a student performs in class，and how he takes notes and does his homework （1）are also taken into account（2），each part of which（3）makes up 20%．相反地，学生的课堂表现、如何记笔记以及如何做家庭作业也被考虑进去，每一部分各占20%．
（1）该部分用了两个how引导的并列的主语从句．
（2）take…into account把…考虑进去
（3）each part of which引导了非限制性定语从句，which指代的是上文的主语从句中的三件事．
句型二：
Only by  putting the system into practice（1），can we（2）students fully develop our abilities as well as potential on our way to adulthood and truly make preparations for our future life．只有把这中评价体系付诸实施我们学生才能在成长的道路上充分发展能力和潜能并为将来的生活做好准备．
（1）put…into practice把…付诸实施；
（2）句中是"Only+状语"放在句首，所以句中用了部分倒装的语序．

解答 The New Grading System in Our School
In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields，our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system．This chart shows how it works．
Students'test results，which used to be the only way to evaluate a student in school，make up only 30% of his final score．Instead，how a student performs in class，and how he takes notes and does his homework are also taken into account，each part of which makes up 20%[高分句型一]．Besides，teamwork in class is also important．If you want a higher score，you should be good at working together with your classmates（图表中的信息）．
I'm all for the new grading system，which evaluates us students in all fields（看法）．Only by  putting the system into practice，can we students fully develop our abilities as well as potential on our way to adulthood and truly make preparations for our future life[高分句型二]（原因）．

点评 看图作文首先正确理解提示和要求，利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点．其次，确定体裁格式、人称和时态．第三，列出要点，做到要点无遗漏．第四，依据内容要点，选择确立可供自己使用的熟悉词汇、短语和句型，所以平时要关注高分词汇和句型的积累．

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6．The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team．In its original sense，however，culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group，nation，or empire：its physical environment，history，and traditions，its social rules and economic structure，and its religious beliefs and arts．
The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another．It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate．People acquire a culture because they are not born with one．The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods，accented speech，or an outlook on the world over time，therefore，is known as enculturation （文化适应）．
Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．Totem poles （图腾柱） carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes （部落）．In Asia and India，the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor's family was allowed to wear．Thus，different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently．For example，to some a flag may represent pride，historical accomplishments，or ideals； to others，however，it can mean danger or oppression．
To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own，the beliefs，behaviors，and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening．A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric （from the Greek ethnos，meaning"people，"and kentros，meaning"center"）．A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and，possibly，wrong or evil．
All people are ethnocentric to some degree，and some aspects of ethnocentrism，such as national pride，contribute to a well-functioning society．An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture．History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together．Extreme ethnocentrism，in contrast，can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one's own race is superior to all others．

74．What does the word"innate"in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？A
A．Instinctive．
B．Developed．
C．Believable．
D．Cultivated．
75．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A
A．Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another．
B．An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own．
C．Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group，nation or empire．
D．People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image．
76．What can be inferred from the passage？C
A．All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society．
B．Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures．
C．Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude．
D．Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world．
77．Which might be the best title of the passage？D
A．Culture，the origin of racial superiority
B．Culture，a faithful mirror of history
C．Culture，the vigour of world development   
D．Culture，a distinctive identity of a nation．
7．---Has Li Lei finished his work today？
---I have no idea，but he ______ it when I saw him this morning．（　　）
A．had doneB．would doC．was doingD．did
4．Zhang Lili，a 29-year-old middle school teacher at the No 19middle school in the city of Jiamusi in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province was crossing the road just outside the school's gate when a school bus suddenly came rushing toward nearby students at 8：38pm on May 8，2012．
"There were three buses at the school gate ready to pick up students，but the one in the back suddenly crashed into the second bus and pushed it into the first one．There were several students standing between the first and the second buses and they were about to be crushed，"said Liu Ye，a student of No.19middle school．
"We were waiting to board the bus when suddenly itbegan moving toward the teachers and students．Zhang Lili immediately pushed the students out of the way，but unfortunately she didn't escape．The bus crushed her legs．"added Liu．
Zhang Lili was sent to hospital at about 9pm and she was critically injured and her blood pressure was low．The situation was quite serious when rushed to hospital．
After consulting specialists，the doctors decided that the only way to save her life was cut off both of her legs．
Upon learning about the accident，the deputy mayor of the city，Sun Zhe，asked the hospital to"save the young teacher regardless of the cost"
"If necessary，we will invite more specialists from the capital city，even from the whole nation，"said Sun．
Fortunately，after 58hours of emergency medical attention after being transferred to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University，Zhang finally regained consciousness on May 15．
"But it cannot be ruled out that her condition may worsen，and the doctors are still working full out to save the heroic teacher，"said Zhao Mingyan，ICU director at the hospital，where Zhang is now receiving treatment．"Her courage moved all of our staff，and we will try our best to help the brave teacher in her future life．"said Wang Jianwei，the director of center．
The Ministry of Education has also named her"National Outstanding Teacher"and called on the country's educators to learn from her．

67．What does the underlined word"it"in the third paragraph refers toB．
A．the bus in the back    B．the bus in the middle
C．the bus in the front   D．the third bus
68．What can be inferred from the remark of the deputy Mayor Sun Zhe？A
A．Every possible means is being carried out to save the brave teacher．
B．It's increasingly difficult to save the brave teacher．
C．The only way to save the brave teacher is to cut off her legs．
D．No more experts will be needed in the operation to save the brave teacher．
69．What does the underlined sentence in the ninth paragraph attempt to tell us？D
A．The woman teacher's condition will definitely get worse．
B．It is obvious that the woman teacher will recover shortly after．
C．There is little possibility that the woman teacher's condition will improve．
D．It's likely that the teacher will suffer from a worse medical condition．
70．Which of the following might be the best title for this passage？B
A．National Outstanding Teacher   B．A Heroic Teacher
C．An Example of Top Teachers     D．An bus accident．
11．Sadness is unpleasant，and in a society where personal happiness is prized above all else，there is little tolerance for falling in despair．Especially now we've got drugs for getting rid of sad feelings-whether it's after losing a job，the break-up of a relationship or the death of a loved one．So it's no surprise that more and more people are taking them．
But is this really such a good idea？A growing number of voices from the world of mental health research are saying it isn't．They fear that the increasing tendency to treat normal sadness as a disease is playing fast and loose．Sadness，they argue，serves a useful purpose-and if we lose it，we lose out．Yet many psychiatrists insist not．Sadness has a nasty habit of turning into depression they warn．Even when people are sad for good reason，they should take drugs to make themselves feel better．
So who is right？Is sadness something we cannot live without or something horrible never to touch？
There are lots of ideas about why feeling sad should become part of human life．It may be a kind of self-protection，as other primates （灵长类） also show signs of sadness．A losing monkey that doesn't show sadness after it loses a fight may be seen as continuing to challenge the winning monkey-and that could result in death．
In humans sadness has a further function：we may display sadness as a form of communication．By acting sad，we tell other community members that we need support．
Then there is the idea that creativity is connected to dark moods．There are plenty of great artists，writers and musicians who have suffered from depression or disorder．Scientists found that people with signs of depression performed better at a creative task，and negative moods make people think deeply over the unhappy experience，which allows creative processes to come to the front．There is also evidence that too much happiness can be bad for your career．A doctor found that people who scored 8 out of 10 on a happiness test were more successful in income and education than 9s or 10s．The happiest people lose their willingness to make changes to their lives that may benefit them．
53．The underlined word"this"refers toA．
A．taking medicine                                  
B．falling in despair    
C．losing a job                                       
D．feeling sad
54． The author believes sadness isC．
A．a good thing for people's health         
B．something horrible never to touch
C．a necessary function of humans'
D．always to be treated as depression
55．Some animals show their sadness in order toB．
A．cheat their enemy                      
B．protect themselves 
C．comfort the loser                      
D．challenge the winner
56．We can infer from the last paragraph thatB．
A．people with great creativity tend to be happier   
B．unhappy experiences contribute to a greater career
C．too much happiness can be bad for your career
D．the happiest people are the most successful ones．
1．Lisa has always been overweight．She wanted to lose weight，not just because she wanted to look more beautiful and healthier，but also because it would make life easier．For example，it was difficult for Lisa to find ready-made clothes that would fit．She had to ask a tailor to make clothes that were large enough．In school，she needed a special chair which was bigger and stronger than the other chairs．If she went for a walk，she got tired very quickly．She was also unhappy about the way people treated her sometimes．"People look at me and even make fun of me．That's unfair!It's true that I'm overweight，but I don't think people should treat me differently because I'm big．I can't enjoy having dinner with my friends because I'm afraid of getting fatter．"Her friends and family never made fun of her．They tried to help her instead．They wanted her to be happy and healthy．Sometimes when Lisa was feeling sad，she didn't want to speak to anyone．
But now things are quite different．Last month her classmates were preparing for the School Art Week．Someone advised Lisa to play the lead role of the Proud Queen who was tall and fat．Lisa agreed and practiced a lot．
Soon after the play，Lisa became the star!She did so well that everybody remembered the Proud Queen．They stood around her and said"Congratulations"to her．She even won the School Best Actress Award for her wonderful performance．
Now Lisa doesn't worry about being fat any more．She believes in the English saying"Every dog has its day．"
51．How did Lisa feel about her weight at first？B
    A．Proud                B．Worried          C．Happy            D．Strange
52．Why was Lisa chosen to play the role of the queen in the play？B
A．Because she was a star．
B．Because she was fat．
C．Because she was liked by her classmates．
D．Because she was the best student in her class．
53．What does the underlined sentence"Every dog has its day"in the last paragraph mean？D
A．Dogs never have weight problems．
B．Dogs can bring people good luck．
C．Everyone should have good heart．
D．Everyone gets a chance eventually．
8．Mark Twain was a great writer．He was from the USA．He was born in 1835．He was also a famous speaker．He was famous for his sense of humour．Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time．
One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing．Before he was going to leave，one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes（蚊子） in the town and told him that he'd better not go there．Mark Twain waved （摇动） his hand and said，"It doesn't matter．The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine．I don't think they will come t o visit me．"
After he arrived at the town，Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station．He went into his room，but when he was just about to have a rest，quite a few mosquitoes flew about him．The waiters felt very sorry about that．"I'm very sorry，Mr．Mark Twain．There are too many mosquitoes in our town．"One of them said to him．
Mark Twain，however，made a joke，saying to the waiter，"The mosquitoes are very clever．They know my room number．They didn't come into the wrong room．"What he said made all the people present laugh heartily．
But that night Mark Twain slept well．Do you know why？That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night．
1．Many people liked Mark Twain becauseC．
A．he was famous    B．he liked to talk   C．he was humourous   D．he was a writer
2．That day Mark Twain went to the townB．
A．to see one of his friends      
B．because he wanted to do something there for his writing
C．because he was told there were a lot of mosquitoes there
D．to see one of his relatives
3．The waiters felt sorry becauseD．
A．they did something wrong to Mark Twain           
B．their hotel was too small
C．the room was not very clean  
D．there were quite a few mosquitoes in Mark Twain's room
4．All the people present laughed heartily becauseD．
A．the mosquitoes were very clever and they didn't come into the wrong room
B．the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain's room number
C．Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents
D．Mark Twain made a joke
5．From the story we knowA．
A．no mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain in the night
B．the owner of the hotel told the waiters to look after Mark Twain well at night
C．Mark Twain didn't have a good rest that night
D．there were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer．
5．Rae Armantrout，who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego（UCSD） for two decades，has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book，"Versed"．
"I'm delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings，as compared to even the National Book Critics Award，which I was also surprised and delighted to win，"said Armantrout．
"For a long time，my writing has been just below the media radar，and to have this kind of attention，suddenly，with my 10th book，is really surprising．"
Armantrout，a native Californian，received her bachelor's degree at UC Berkeley，where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov，and her master's in creative writing from San Francisco State University．She is a founding member of Language Poets，a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think．
In March，she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for"Versed．"
"This book has gotten more attention，"Armantrout said，"but I don't feel as if it's better．"
The first half of"Versed"focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq．The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006．
Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not．"Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry，"said Seth Lerer，head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD．
"Versed"，published by the Wesleyan University Press，did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works，which is about 2，700 copies．The new edition is scheduled to appear in May．
66．According to Rae Armantrout，B．
A．her 10th book is much better   
B．her winning the Pulitzer is unexpected
C．the media is surprised at her works   
D．she likes being recognized by her readers
67．Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout？C
A．She published a poetry textbook．
B．She used to teach Denise Levertov．
C．She started a poets‟group with others．
D．She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley．
68．What can we learn about"Versed"？D
A．It consists of three parts．
B．It is mainly about the American army．
C．It is a book published two decades ago．
D．It partly concerns the poet's own life．
69．Rae Armantrout's colleagues think that sheC．
A．should write more    
B．has a sweet voice
C．deserves the prize    
D．is a strange professor
70．What can we learn from the text？D
A．About 2，700 copies of"Versed"will be printed．
B．Cancer made Armantrout stop writing．
C．Armantrout got her degrees at UCSD．
D．"Versed"has been awarded twice．
6．--Ann is in hospital．
--Oh，really？I _____ know．I _____ go and visit her．（　　）
A．didn't：am going toB．don't；would
C．didn't：willD．don't；will

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