题目内容

7.Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society.There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.In addition,there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.All these factors (因素)tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.In a society where people are similar in many ways,there are fewer situations for people to see the need or the chance for change because everything seems to be the same.And although conditions may not be satisfactory,they are at least customary and clear.
Within a society,social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material aspects,for example,in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the simple elements(要素)rather than in the complex ones; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange ones.
Besides,social change is easier if it is gradual.For example,it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with a sharp division.This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white fellows.

24.The underlined part"greater tolerance"in Paragraph 1probably refers to"C".
A.quicker adaptation to changing conditions
B.greater willingness to accept social change
C.more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D.greater readiness to agree to different conditions
25.Why is social change less likely to occur in a society where people are similar in many ways?C
A.They are so conservative that they tend to slow down social change.
B.They can easily get what they want in the material aspect of society.
C.They are so used to their conditions that they seldom want to change.
D.They have similar needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty.
26.Which of the following factors probably tends to promote social change fast?A
A.Different points of view.
B.Traditional values.
C.Sharp divisions in relations.
D.Similar appearances.
27.What is this passage mainly discussing?D
A.Two different kinds of society.
B.Consequences of social change.
C.The importance of social change.
D.Certain factors affecting social change.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了影响社会变迁的某些因素,同时举出一些例子.

解答 24.C  词义猜测题,根据第一段In addition,there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.可知在混合社会中通常有更大的世俗利益和更大的容忍度,即尊重不同的信仰和行为,故选C.
25.C  推理判断题,根据 第一段In a society where people are similar in many ways,there are fewer situations for people to see the need or the chance for change because everything seems to be the same.And although conditions may not be satisfactory,they are at least customary and clear.可知社会变化不太可能发生在一个社会是因为人们已经习惯于这些,故选C.
26.A  推理判断题,根据第二段Within a society,social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material aspects,可知社会的变化也有可能会更加频繁,在文化的物质方面比在非物质层面的,更容易发生,由此可知如果人们有不同的观点,可能社会变化的更快,故选A.
27.D  主旨大意题,通读全文可知本文中作者主要向我们介绍了影响社会变迁的某些因素,故选D.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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18.There is a boy called Bill in my gym class who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant.Recently another boy told Bill that he should"go Ajax"his teeth.Bill was crushed.If the other boy had been thinking,he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation.He could have dealt with it with tact.He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful,sensitive way-that's"tact".
If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings,there is no way he or she can be tactful.Yesterday,my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set.Unfortunately,he used furniture polish,which produced an oily film on the television screen.My mother smiled arid thanked him for his efforts-and then showed how to clean the screen properly.Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect.Yet,sensitivity alone does not make tact.
"Tactfulness"also requires"truthfulness".Doctors,for example must be truthful.If a patient has just been disabled in an accident,a tactful doctor will tell the truth-but express it with sensitivity.The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available.Doctors must use tact with patients'relatives as well.Instead of bluntly saying,"Your husband is disabled,"a doctor might say,"I'm sorry,but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and…"
Tact should not be confused with trickery.Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection(注射) and says,"This won't hurt a bit."Instead of trickery,the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it.It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.
Tact is a wonderful skill to have,and tactful people are usually admired and respected.Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.

68.The underlined word"crushed"in the first paragraph probably meansD.
A.surprised        B.cheated         C.regretful     D.painful
69.According to the author,his mother's praise for the brother isB.
A.sensitive and tactful                   B.sensitive but not tactful enough
C.truthful but not tactful enough         D.sensitive but trickish
70.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?C

(The numbers stand for the paragraphs)
15.American scientists have developed the first material that repairs itself.The material is a form of plastic that has been engineered to fill breaks in its surface.
Plastics are used today in everything.Scientists wanted to find a way to make objects made of plastic last longer.The researchers hope their new discovery can be used to make objects that are difficult or impossible to replace.
The surface of plastic objects breaks over time.Very small breaks develop every time a plastic object is used.The researchers wanted to find out how to stop plastic from developing small breaks that weaken and destroy it.They found the answer in the chemical structure of plastic itself.The research team found a way to make plastic that contains very small balloons filled with monomer(单体) liquid.When the new plastic cracks,the monomer liquid is let out and flows into the crack.Thus the break is repaired.The repaired plastic has seventy-five percent of the strength of undamaged plastic.
The new self-repairing plastic is not yet ready for production.But it has several possible uses.One could be in space vehicles where parts cannot be repaired or replaced.Another possible use might be in bridges.And it could be used in people,to replace bone joints that have become broken or damaged.
33.The passage mainly talks aboutA.
A.plastic that repairs itself               
B.the chemical structure of plastic
C.permanent material invented           
D.small balloons that makes plastic stronger
34.We know from the passage that the repair is done asB.
A.the cracked plastic parts are changed    
B.the plastic cracks
C.the liquid is put into the plastic cracks    
D.the plastic is made
35.The scientists are planning to use the new material in space vehicles,bridges and people becauseA.
A.the plastic parts in them are required to last longer
B.they want to experiment in these places first
C.the new material cannot be used elsewhere
D.the plastic parts in them are easily broken or damaged.
2.In the Internet age,speed reading is a necessary and important skill.We skim over articles and e-mails to try to get key words and the main idea of the text.With so much information through our electronic devices (电子设备),it would be impossible to get through everything if we read word by word,line by line.However,a new trend calls on people to enjoy reading slowly.
A recent story from The Wall Street Journal reported on a book club in Wellington,New Zealand,where members meet in a café and turn off their smartphones.They sit back in comfortable chairs and read in silence for an hour.
Unlike typical book clubs,the point of the slow reading club isn't to exchange ideas about certain books,but to get away from electronic devices and read in a quiet,relaxed environment.According to the story,the Wellington book club is just one example of a movement started by book lovers who miss the traditional way of reading.
Traditional readers,like Maura Kelly,say a regular reading habit sharpens the mind,improves concentration,reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to understand others.Some of these benefits have been backed up by science.For example,a study of 300 elderly people published by the journal Neurology last year showed that adults who take part in activities that use their brain,such as reading,suffer less memory loss as they get older.Another study published last year in Science showed that reading novels helps people understand others'mental states and beliefs-a key skill in building relationships.
Yet technology has made us less careful readers.Computer and phone screens have changed our reading patterns from the top-to-bottom,left-to-right reading order we traditionally used,to a wild skimming pattern as we hunt for important words and information.Reading text online that has many links to other web pages also leads to weaker comprehension than reading plain text.The Internet may have made us stupider,says British journalist Patrick Kingsley,only half joking.Because of the Internet,he says we have become very good at collecting a wi de range of factual tidbits (花边新闻),but we are also gradually forgetting how to sit back,think and connect all these facts with each other.
25.Speed reading is a necessary and important skill in the Internet age because peopleC.
A.no longer read word by word,line by line
B.have to get the meaning faster
C.have much more information to read
D.must use their smartphones more frequently
26.Members of the Wellington book club are expected toB.
A.make coffee for the other members
B.read peacefully for an hour
C.regularly exchange ideas about books
D.turn off their smartphones for sleeping
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A.A 79-year-old woman who reads regularly.
B.A 17-year-old middle school student who seldom reads.
C.A healthy 24-year-old university graduate who often plays games.
D.A 65-year-old man who rarely reads.
28.The last paragraph is written toB.
A.explain the secrets of others'minds
B.describe the problems caused by electronic reading
C.call on people to read more about science
D.encourage people to read as slowly as possible.
12.There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers,he used two buckets(水桶).One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one,which had seen many years of service,but was now past its best.
Every morning,the gardener would fill up the two buckets.Then he would carry them along the path,one on each side,to the flowerbeds.The new bucket was very proud of itself.It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出).The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes:before it reached the flowerbeds,much water had leaked (漏出) along the path.
Sometimes the new bucket would say,"See how capable I am!How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day!I don't know why he still bothers with you.What a waste of space you are!"
And all that the old bucket could say was."I know I am not very useful,but I can only do my best.I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me,at least."
One day,the gardener heard that kind of conversation.After watering the flowers as usual,he said,"You both have done your work very well.Now I am going to carry you back.I want you to look carefully along the path."
Then the two buckets did so.All along the path,they noticed,on the side where the new bucket was carried,there was just bare(光秃秃的)earth; on the other side where the old bucket was carried,there was a joyous row of wild flowers,leading all the way to the garden.

32.What was the old bucket ashamed of?D
A.His past.    B.His aging.
C.His manner.  D.His leaking.
33.What does the underlined word"dilapidated"probably mean?C
A.dirty              B.dark
C.worn-out           D.ordinary-looking.
34.The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly toB.
A.take pity on the old one
B.laugh at the old one
C.show off its beautiful looks
D.praise the gardener's kindness
35.Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?C
A.Because it was used to keep a balance
B.Because it stayed in its best condition
C.Because it had its own function
D.Because it was taken as a treasure.
17.If you have something to say about someone,say it today!It may make a world of difference.Last week at the Night of Hope in downtown Los Angeles,Victoria Osteen,one of my best friends,shared a story about a very special birthday present from a dear friend.It wasn't expensive jewelry or a designer handbag.It was an attractive box.And though it was lovely,the box was't the real gift.
When the friend presented it to Victoria,he said some wonderful things about the birthday girl.Then,he acted as if he were putting those compliments into the box and began passing it around to everyone else at the table.One by one,Victoria's family and friends also said loving things about her,and one by one they"places"their kind words into the birthday box.Victoria shared how much that night had meant to her,and that day she put that beautiful box in a striking place in her bedroom as a reminder of the sweet words that were put in the box and in her heart.
I related this story because I also have what I call"an encouragement drawer".As a writer,I hope to sell articles and present my picture books to the right editor,but I sometimes get rejection letters from editors and publishers.Thankfully there have been acceptance letters,contracts and awards along the way,too.But do you know what means even more?The thank-you cards and sweet notes that I've received from other writers I've met at the many writers'conferences made me serve as a lecturer.
I remember looking forward to one particular conference more than 15years age.I knew the cost of attending it really wasn't in our budget,but I also knew that if I asked my husband to give me the conference ticket as my birthday present,he would.And that's exactly what he did.We were living in Texas,and the writers'conference was several thousand miles away.I had researched the editors who were going to appear there and the works to be offered,and I was sure the conference would be life-changing for me.
It was just not in the way I'd expected.
During the very first day of the"Writing for Children"conference,I sat in the front row.I was so excited that I hardly slept the night before.I couldn't wait to learn from a fruitful children's book writer.She greeted us with"Well,I wish I had better news.The children's market is almost impossible to break into right now.I mean,I am well-published in it but I'm having a tough time making a sale."
I couldn't believe what I was hearing!Some people got up and left.I stayed until the end,hoping her mood would improve and offer some words of wisdom.But neither happened.I walked back to my house that afternoon defeated,discouraged and downright mad.Later that night,I said to myself,"I should encourage others to write for children."That's why when I received emails,thank-you notes and cards saying"Thank you for helping me see that I can really make it a freelancer(自由作家),""Thank you for encouraging me to write that devotional proposal---I got a contract",or"Thank you for being so excited about my manuscript(手稿) about children.I was about to give up before meeting with you",I would put them in my"encouragement drawer".
And,on those days when I received three rejection letters or a bad review of a recent book,I wuld walk into my office,open one of those encouragement drawers and read a few cards.Like Victoria,I immediately felt uplifted after spending a few moments reading the nice things that people had written to me.
Maybe you don't have a birthday box filled with wonderful compliments or an encouragement drawer filled with thank-you cards and notes,but you can spend some time on the good things and write a few thank-you notes of your own.

66.What does the underlined word"compliments"in Paragraph 2mean?B
A.complains      B.greetings      C.gifts   D ideas
67.What is it that gave the author great encouragement?D
A.A good review about her recent book.
B.Acceptance letters from some editors..
C.Contracts and awards from some publisher.
D.Thank-you notes and cards from other writers.
68.Which of the following is NOT true about the author's experience at the"Writing for Children"
conference?C
A.She was too excited to sleep well the night before.
B.The conference was somewhat life-changing for the author.
C.The fruitful children's book writes words were full of wisdom.
D.The conference didn't live up to her expectations.
69.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?B
A.To look back on her career as a writer of children's books.
B.To inspire people to fill up others'"encouragement drawer".
C.To show off her pride in encouraging other writers.
D.To describe a particular writers'conference she once attended.
70.Which is the best title for the passage?A
A.A box of encouragement               
B.A story about birthday presents
C.The importance of writers'conferences.
D.The relationship between readers and writers.

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