题目内容

17．Television will turn 86 years old on September 7，2013，and it has never looked better．In its youth，television was a piece of furniture with a tiny，round screen showing unclear pictures of  lowbudget programs．In spite of its shortcomings，it became well-received．Between 1950 and 1963，the number of American families with a television jumped from 9% to 92% of the population．
As the audience got larger，the technology got better．Television sets became more reliable through the 1960s．Both of the reception and the picture improved．The major networks started broadcasting programs in color．
Even greater improvements were coming according to Sanford Brown，who wrote an article for the Post in 1967．Surprisingly，just about every prediction he made in the article became a reality．For example：All sets in the notdistant future will be color instruments．He also predicted that TV sets would become smaller，simpler，more reliable and less expensive and may forever put the TV repairman out of work．Smaller sets do not，of course，mean smaller screens．TV engineers expect screens to get much bigger．However，today's 3D TV is even farther away，if it's coming at all．There is some doubt whether the public would be eager to pay for it，in view of people's cold reception given to 3D movies．
But the technology with the greatest potential，according to Brown，was cable television （有线电视），which was still in its early stages then．As he predicted，the future of cable television was highly interactive．It wasn't cable television that gave Americans their electronic connection to the world，however．It was the Internet．He even foresaw the future office：using picture phones，bigscreen televisions for conferences，and computers providing information，at the touch of a button．
Brown ever said，"The future of television is no longer a question of what we can invent．It's a question of what we want．"
55．What can we infer about television sets in the 1960s？A
A．They were very popular with Americans
B．Their appearance remained unchangeable．
C．They showed blackandwhite pictures
D．Their pictures were of poor quality．
56．Which of the followings did Sanford Brown fail to predict？B
A．Television's good quality
B．The invention of 3D TV．
C．The more functions of TV
D．The potential of cable TV．
57．From the passage we knowD．
A．TV will certainly take the place of computers
B．There won't be further improvement on TV
C．TV repairmen will be out of work in the future
D.3D movies don't appeal to people very much
58．What is the text mainly about？C
A．The shortcomings of television
B．The advantages of television．
C．The development of television
D．The invention of television．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了电视的发展历史，从开始的黑白到现在3D技术在电视上的运用，越来越科技化．

解答 55．A．推理题．根据文章第一段In its youth，television was a piece of furniture with a tiny，round screen showing unclear pictures of  lowbudget programs．In spite of its shortcomings，it became well-received．Between 1950 and 1963可知电视机在1960年很受欢迎；说明A正确．
56．B．推理题．根据倒数第二段第7行However，today's 3D TV is even farther away，if it's coming at all．说明他没有预测到3D技术在电视上的运用．故B项符合要求．
57．D．推理题．根据文章倒数第二段最后两行There is some doubt whether the public would be eager to pay for it，in view of people's cold reception given to 3D movies．说明人们对3D技术反应冷淡，故D正确．
58．C．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段内容就可以知道文章主要讲述的就是电视的发展历史，故C正确．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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7．As is shown in a recent study，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type personality they have．Robert Phipps，a body language expert，has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality．
Phipps found that worriers，those who stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal（胎儿的） position．He found that this is by far the most common bedtime position，sleeping on their side with knees up and head down．The more we curl up（蜷曲），the more comfort we are seeking，according to Phipps．
The second most common position is the log，indicating stubbornness．People sleep with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，and these people （the 28 percent who sleep this way） often wake up stiffer（更僵硬） than when they went to sleep．"The longer you sleep like this，the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，"according to Phipps．
Yearner（向往型的） sleepers are next on the list．About 25 percent of people sleep in this style----on their backs with arms stretched out in front，looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves．Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting great results，explained Phipps．These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead．
Perhaps the most special sleep style is the freefaller position．This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population．They sleep face down with arms stretched out．These people，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life．Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，it also the least comfortable，and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy．
In conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add："A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake．"
55．Which of the following pictures is the fetal position？D

56．The underlined word"rigid"the third paragraph is closest in meaning to"C"．
A．comfortable        B．flexible         C．stubborn        D．strange
57．Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection？C
A．The fetal position                  
B．The log position
C．The yearner position                     
D．The freefaller position
58．What is the passage mainly about？D
A．Which sleeping position helps you sleep comfortably？
B．A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day．
C．How you sleep at night affects what you do the next day．
D．Your personality depends a lot on how you sleep at night．
8．You probably hear it all the time-people telling you to"learn English"．But does this mean children in English-speaking countries don't need to bother learning a new language？Not at all．In fact，an even larger number of young people will soon be taught foreign languages，thanks to the mental advantages of bilingualism．
Psychologists once thought that growing up bilingual might lead to verbal delays-a late or absent development of talking．But US magazine Scientific American has revealed that this is not true，and reported that children who speak more than one language"show greater mental flexibility，a superior grasp of abstract concepts and a better working memory．"As the New York Times put it，"being bilingual，it turns out，makes you smarter．"
In Europe，learning foreign languages is increasingly popular．A European report shows that from 2005-2010，the percentage of European students learning a foreign language rose from 67.5percent to 79.2percent．Most European kids start learning another language at age 6．In Belgium，it starts at 3．New reforms being introduced in the UK will mean all children could be taught a foreign language，such as Mandarin or Greek，from the age of 7．The most popular foreign language for European kids was English，followed by German and French．
In comparison，Americans don't  give a fig for learning foreign languages．Compared to 50percent of European adults who are bilingual，only 9percent of adults in the US are fluent in more than one language，according to a 2011report．American students are often not exposed to a second language until high school．
However，recent statistics show demand is growing in the US for people to become more bilingual．According to a USA Today chart released in July，21percent of US children speak another language at home．A number of institutions in the country are also pushing foreign languages in schools．Three school districts in Delaware will launch Chinese and Spanish programs next year．More people are learning Chinese，French and Spanish．

31．Psychologist used to believe that children who grow up bilingualB．
A．are more flexible mentally
B．are slow in the development of talking
C．have a poorer working memory
D．are smarter in understanding abstract concept
32．It can be inferred from the passage thatD．
A．Americans are more interested in learning another language than Europeans
B．British kids began to learn foreign languages at the earliest age
C.21% of US children study a foreign language in the school
D．not all schools in America are teaching foreign languages
33．What does the underlined phrase"give a fig for"in Paragraph 4mean？A
A．attach importance to
B．have talent for
C．invest money in
D．have demand for
34．Which are the most popular foreign languages in the US？C
A．Mandarin and Greek．
B．English，German and French．
C．Chinese，French and Spanish．
D．Chinese，German and Greek．
35．What is the main idea of this passage？C
A．Chinese is becoming more popular in western countries．
B．The benefits and advantages of growing up bilingual．
C．Western worlds are paying more attention to learning foreign languages．
D．The differences between bilingual education in Europe and USA．
5．Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women，according to a new study．For men，getting married saves an hour of housework a week．"It's a well-known pattern，"said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research．"Men usually work more outside the home，while women take on more of the housework．"
He points out that differences among households （家庭） exist．But in general，marriage means more housework for women and less for men．"And the situation gets worse for women when they have children．"Stafford said．
Overall，times are changing in the American home．In 1976，women busied themselves with 26weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work，compared with 17hours in 2005．Men are taking on more housework，more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976to 13in 2005．
Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework，about 12weekly hours，while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most-about 21hours a week．
Men showed a somewhat different pattern，with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men．Single men worked the hardest around the house，more than that of all other age groups of married men．
Having children increases housework even further．With more than three children，for example，wives took on more of the extra work，clocking about 28hours a week compared with husbands'10hours．

67．According to the"well-known pattern"in Paragraph 1，a married manC．
A．takes on heavier work                     B．does more housework
C．is the main breadwinner（ 养家糊口的人）   D．is the master of the house
68．How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s？D
A．About 28．     B．About 26．
C．About 13．     D．About 6．
69．What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text？A
A．An unmarried man．         B．An older married man．
C．A younger married man．    D．A married man with children．
70．What can we conclude from Stafford's research？C
A．Marriage gives men more freedom．
B．Marriage has effects on job choices．
C．Housework sharing changes over time．
D．Having children means doubled housework．
12．People often talk as if shyness is a disease or mental condition that can be cured．I prefer to think of it as an emotional disability．It's something we are born with and something we carry with us in our entire lives．There are too many people，however，who seem to be determined to find some way of doing away with their shyness．In my opinion，it's a waste of time．I don't mean that we should do nothing about it； quite the contrary，I think we need to separate the basic fact of our shyness from our ability to take part in a social environment．
Look at one of the most famous shy people of them all，Johnny Carson．This man is painfully shy，yet for decades he made a living talking and associating with different people every night，in front of a national audience．Carson has never done away with his shyness，but he has successfully found a way to deal with it to the extent that he could be，not just a talk show host，but a legend among talk show hosts．Look also at Sally Fields，who has recently admitted her problem with shyness．This is a woman who has appeared in many films，TV shows and interviews，yet in her early years she was so shy that she turned down a lunch invitation from Jane Fonda because she was terribly afraid of meeting her．
I guess that our shyness is there because each of us is born with some insecurity and this insecurity prevents us from reaching out to others the way people with a more open personality do．As we grow up and become adults，we allow our social skills to grow and develop．But we are still stuck in kindergarten or elementary school or wherever it was when our shyness took root in our soul．
62．In the author's view，shyness can be explained asD．
A．a not very normal mental condition
B．a disease that can be easily cured
C．something we pick up after birth
D．a kind of emotional disability
63．From the passage，we know that Johnny CarsonA．
A．has dealt with shyness very successfully
B．has done away with his shyness carefully
C．is described as a hero in some legend books
D．failed to become a good talk show host
64．The passage tells us that Sally Fields wasD．
A．proud all the time
B．close to Jane Fonda
C．impolite when young
D．shy in her early years
65．The author thinks that our shyness is there becauseB．
A．we are not open enough
B．we don't feel secure at heart
C．we try to reach out to others all the time
D．we lack some social skills．
2．All areas of the world face a nurses shortage．But the shortage is most severe in developing countries．Many of their nurses move to the more developed nations for better pay，better working conditions and better chances for career development．For example，nearly 2，000 nurses left the Caribbean between 2002 and 2006．
    The Caribbean nations currently have about 1 nurse for every 1，000 people．The ratio（比例） of nurses to population is about 10 times higher in the United States and countries in the European Union（EU）．Now，more than 21，000 nurses who trained in the Caribbean are working in the United States，Canada and Britain．
    Gaetan Lafortune is an official of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（O．E．C．D） in Paris．He says the nurses shortage also affects industrialized countries．He says，"There is concern in most O．E．C．D．countries that the number of nurses is too small to meet the demand．And what is more worrying is that their concern is sort of growing．"Mr Lafortune says a large number of nurses are expected to retire within the next 10 years．At the same time，the health care needs of aging populations are expected to grow，intensifying the shortage of nurses．
    Gaetan Lafortune said，"In the U．S．，for instance，some researchers have found that there may be a shortage of close to a million nurses by 2020．"The United States is 1 of the 21 countries in the O．C．E．D．Gaetan Lafortune says in the recent years many of the countries increased their efforts to hire foreign nurses．As a result of that，O．E．C．D．countries were mainly exporting their shortage problem to countries that may have an even greater need for these nurses．
1．What will be the main causes of the global nurses shortage in the next 10 years？C
A．The demand for nurses will decrease．
B．Many nurses will be too old to work．
C．Many rich countries will hire more foreign nurses．
D．Nurses are often looked down upon．
E．Aging populations will increase rapidly
 A．a and b      B．b and c      C．b and e      D．c and d
2．The underlined word"intensify"in para.3 means"A"．
A．strengthen       B．neglect          C．reduce           D．cause
3．We know from this text that America and the EU countriesB．
A．refuse to offer equal pay to foreign nurses
B．have at least one nurse out of 100 people
C．don't like to train nurses of their own countries
D．have more serious nursing problems than the Caribbean nations
4．What does the text mainly tell us？D
A．Nursing is no longer a worthwhile profession in most countries．
B．The different attitudes towards nursing in different countries．
C．Nurses shortage will result in serious consequences．
D．The health care industry needs more nurses．
9．Living abroad to study can certainly be an interesting experience but is that alone a good enough reason for spending years far away from home？To make the experience truly worthwhile，there has to be a goal behind the decision to study abroad．This may be a wish to perfect language skills in a foreign language environment，or a clever move in your career development．You must also consider the costs，not just of living and studying abroad，but of applying．Most universities now charge application fees for international students．
If after considering these points you are sure that you want to apply to study abroad，your next step is to choose the right programme of studies．Research your choices and select carefully．You must do your homework well．Most universities have information online but you can also email and ask them to send you more details．You can find a lot of information on school ranking from education websites．But read carefully．Different universities emphasize different strengths．Don't just think about the university's reputation （名声）； look for the most suitable for your goals．
Next，you must deal with a large pile of paperwork．This involves filling in application form，preparing your school records，and getting reference letters．Reading the instructions and requirements of the universities carefully is of great importance．Sadly，many fine applicants get kicked out in the first round，simply because they don't follow the application procedure properly．
Money is another important consideration．Some scholarships are provided by governments，others by schools and colleges．This information，again，can be found on the Internet．If you find a scholarship that is suitable for you，follow the application procedure carefully； the earlier you apply，the better your chance of getting it．
58．According to the article，studying abroad is truly worthwhile becauseC．
A．it is an interesting experience              
B．it is fun to travel around the world
C．it is an opportunity to develop your career      
D．all your friends are doing so
59．A school ranking list tells youC．
A．how much the courses cost                
B．the names of all the professors
C．how good the school is compared to others    
D．where the school is located
60．What are the three basic steps when you apply？B
A．Buy an airplane ticket，read the instructions and requirements，and study．
B．Prepare reference letters，prepare school records，and fill in the application form．
C．Prepare school records，do paperwork，and work hard．
D．Write a reference letter，do paperwork，and study．
61．The underlined phrase"get kicked out in the first round"in Paragraph 3 meansA．
A．fail to get to the next round                
B．lose money in the first round
C．get accepted  in the next round              
D．get kicked by a professor．
6．A major new development in system of work in Britain is taking place．Flexible working hours，or"Flextime"，are catching on fast，and trend is continuing．In 1973，over 500 organizations had adopted the idea，and by 1974，this number had risen to over 200，000．
   Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960's，but reached Britain only in 1972．The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want，with only two requirements．These are，firstly，that all workers must present for certain"key"times in the day，and secondly，that all workers must work an agreed total number of hours per week．
   The system had proved a total success wherever it has been tried．A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages：a better balance between working and private life，avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and the ability to finish a certain task before leaving．
   From the employer's point of view，the system tends to increase productivity，reduce labour turnover and give workers a greater sense of duty．At first，"Flexible"was mainly confined to white-collar workers，but it is now being applied to manual workers too．
65．According to"Flextime"system，workers need notA．
A．work at the same time               
B．work all the weekdays
C．work hard                        
D．ask for leave when being absent
66．"Key"time is a period whenB．
A．visitors come to the plants
B．all workers must be at work
C．employers go round in the workshop
D．rush hours are over
67．No matter where it is used，this system has provedA．
A．entirely effective                    
B．totally correct
C．a complete failure                   
D．quite difficult
68．One of the great advantages of"Flextime"for workers is that theyB．
A．have a great sense of duty           
B．can avoid busy traffic
C．can get higher pay                 
D．can avoid working hard．
7．Next door to ourslives（live） an old man，who used to be the headmaster in our school．

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