题目内容

There's an old saying that laughter is the best medicine. No matter whether it's caused by a good joke, a cute child or pet, or a pie in the face of a comedian, the simple act of laughing offers medical benefits. Laughter has been shown to reduce stress and help people lose weight. It's a special tonic (滋补品)for older people, who are prone to loneliness and sad thoughts.

In fact, in more than 1,000 American communities, and a couple thousand more around the world, entire clubs have been formed so that people can get together and laugh! U.S. clubs have names like "Laugh-a-holics," "the Ha-Ha Spa," "Granite State Giggles(傻笑)," and "Judy's Joyful Laughter Club."

The idea started in India, where laughing is an oral yoga（瑜珈）exercise using discipline, mind power and a good belly laugh. Laughter is certainly contagious(传染性的). Only a determined grouch（脾气坏的人）could avoid at least smiling when others around him are laughing till it hurts. That's why members of laughing clubs don't just get together to howl with laughter themselves. They meet on street corners, in train stations, and other public places, laugh their fool heads off, and invite everyone around them to join in.

Laughing clubs have become so popular that one can even get training as a "certified laughing leader." And the key qualification? You have to be really good at these, chortling, chuckling, howling, snickering, cackling, tittering, giggling and sniggling.

1．The following are the benefits offered by laughing EXCEPT _____.

　 A．benefiting the older people

　 B．reducing pressure

　 C．helping people keep fit　　

　 D．helping people have a good appetite

2．Why do members of laughing clubs meet in public places instead of in private rooms?

　 A．Because they want to cause others to laugh.

　 B．Because they want to show off their special skills.

　 C．Because they would like people to share their happiness.

　 D．Because they need a large space to laugh.

3．The words in the last sentence “chortling, chuckling, howling, snickering, cackling, tittering, giggling and sniggling” are _____.

　 A．conditions of a laughing leader　　　　　　 B．manners you must follow when laughing

　 C．all forms of laughing　　　 D．tips of laughter

4．Which of the following is the best title?

　 A．Laughter Is More and More Popular in the USA

　 B．Laughter Linked to Health, Happiness

　 C．How We Laugh

　 D．Laughing, an Oral Yoga Exercise

 

本文为说明文，主要讲欢笑对人的心身所产生的良好影响。作者首先通过一则格言“笑是良药”来引出短文的主题，接着讲到了欢笑所带来的好处。然后作者提到了欢笑俱乐部在美国的发展情况及笑疗的起源。作者提到欢笑是可传染的，为了便更多的人欢笑，俱乐部的成员通常在公众场所开展活动。最后作者提到了资深欢笑领导人所应具备的条件。

1．D。细节理解题。根据reduce stress and help people lose weight. It's a special tonic for older people可知A，B，C项是笑所带来的好处，D项没有提到。

2．A。细节理解题。根据Laughter is certainly contagious.可知这些人在公共场所欢笑其目的是要把这种欢笑传染给别人。

3．C。推断题。You have to be really good at these中的these很明显指的是laughing，后面的名词都是它的同位语，故这些词语指的是各种各样的“笑”。

4．B。主旨大意题。根据主题句There's an old saying that laughter is the best medicine.可知，本文主要讲欢笑对人的心身所产生的良好影响。故B最佳。

 

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短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1, 满分10分)

文中有10处语言错误,  每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,  并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:  1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,  多者(从第11处起)不计分。

There’s an old man in our village calling Old Joe who said to be 110 years old. This can’t

be proved though he doesn’t have a birth certificate. All his personal papers were destroy

during the World War Ⅱ.I don’t know if he really is so old, and it doesn’t matter. He certainly

looks very old. Of course, he is often asked question by people who want to be told the secret

of long life. Old Joe always answered them like this, “If you are offered a cigarette, never

accept it; if you are annoyed by someone, never lose his temper; and if you are asked foolishly

questions, never answer them.”


Two elderly women in my community died "full of years,"which means both died from the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid visits to the two families.
The son of one of the deceased(已故的) women said to me,"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and got her out of this cold ,she would be alive today. "The son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. "
When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very likely for us to think that if we had done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty.
There seem to be two elements in our readiness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense and that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to try to find the patterns and connections.
The second element is the notion(观念)that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. Psychologists trace this feeling back to our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. The world works for him. When he cries, someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow the notion that our wishes cause things to happen.
69.What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
A. They lived long and died after a natural life.
B. They died due to lack of care by family members.
C. They died of the tiredness after the long plane ride.
D. They weren't quite used to the change in weather.
70.People feel guilty for the deaths of their beloved ones because_______.
A. they believe that they were responsible
B. they do not know the natural course of events
C. they couldn't find a better way to express their grief
D. they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction
71.The underlined sentence "the world makes sense" probably means that_______.
A. we have to be sensible so as to understand the world
B. everything in the world is pre-determined
C. there's an explanation for everything in the world
D. the world can be interpreted in different ways
72.People have been made to believe since babyhood that_______.
A. every story should have a happy ending
B. their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
C. life and death is an unsolved mystery
D. everybody should obey their wills without question

Glaucoma（青光眼）is a major cause of blindness around the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts（白内障）, because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations.

Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight, and they usually don’t even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40 percent of their sight. The process is usually so painless and subtle（不明显的）, so people don't notice it. Actually, the simplest medical test can discover it.

“It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. In Hispanics and in African-Americans, it’s the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians.” said Dr. Alan Robin, a specialist in treating glaucoma. “The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African- Americans in-the United States.” he said．     ．

Dr. Eric Fleischer also sees these differences at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. “Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma.” Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma, although people of all ages can get it.

Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye. An eye is sort of like a watch. And behind the face of the watch, liquid is made. It goes through your pupil（瞳孔）and into the front of the watch between the face and the crystal．There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains（使排出）the liquid. When that drain is blocked, the liquid can't leave the eye as fast as it is produced. The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic（视觉的） nerve. The result is blindness.

Fortunately, if caught early, glaucoma can be controlled. Glaucoma is not curable. But as  researchers worldwide lean more about it, they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented.

1.In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people’s sight?

A．In China           B．In India           C．In the USA         D．In Japan

2.What do the underlined words “these differences”（in Para 4 ）refer to?

A．The differences in regions（地区）         B．The cultural differences

C．The differences in age                    D．The physical differences

3.From the passage, we can learn that,            .

A．It is hard for medical tests to discover glaucoma

B．People in developed countries hardly develop glaucoma

C．Glaucoma only causes blindness among old people

D．The research on glaucoma is still going on worldwide

 

When a friend is sad about a tragedy(悲剧)，it’s hard to know how to comfort(安慰) him/ her. But the worst thing you can do is say nothing. It could mean that you don’t care. You don’t have to say much.. A single supportive phrase doesn’t require absolutely perfect words to break the ice. Here are some conversation starters when life difficult situations have your tongue tied.

1. A friend loses his baby.

Don’t say: “Don’t worry. You’re so young. You’ll have another baby.” Do say: “ I’m so sorry. I can’t begin to imagine what you are going through, but if you want to talk about it, call me anytime.”

2. A guy deserts（抛弃）your friend.

Don’t say: “I never liked that rat bastard (坏蛋) anyway!” ( If the couple winds up reconciling (和解)， you could end up losing your friend.) Do say: “Breaking up is always hard to deal with, but I’m here for you, whatever you need.”

3. A friend has a death in the family.

Don’t say: “It’s God’s will.” or “I know exactly how you feel.” Do say: “I’m sorry about your loss. What can I do to help?”

4. A friend loses a job suddenly.

Don’t say: “Work is always boring. Those bosses didn’t suit you!” Do say: “I’m sorry for that, but I know there’s an even better job waiting for you there. Let’s think about possibilities.”

5. Someone’s pet dies.

Don’t say: “Gee! It was only a cat!” or “My roommate doesn’t like her dog and she is getting rid of her dog. Do you want it?” Do say: “I’m sorry, she was such a great cat. How long did you have it?”

1.Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined part “have your tongue tied”?

A．make your tongue shut

B．tie your tongue in order not to say.

C．have no suitable words to say.

D．say what you want freely.

2.As a whole, what’s the suitable way to comfort your friend troubled with a tragedy?

A．To show your sorrow and offer your help.

B．To try to make the tragedy less serious.

C．To tell your friend not to think about it any more.

D．To do your best to make him/her cheerful again.

3.Though your friend is deserted, you’d better not say dirty words about her/ his friend because _______________________ .

A．they might get along well again and you might be deserted

B．your friend might not like you to say that against her / his friend

C．it may be a sign that you don’t care for your friend

D．your friend might hate you in the future

4.Which of the following might be suitable words when your friend’s dog dies?

A．Don’t worry too much. I’ll give you a good one.

B．I’m sorry to hear that. It was such a good dog.

C．I’ m sorry you lost your dog. But it was at its ripe age.

D．You must be sad about it. That’s enough.

 

 A patient came to see me about the stress in her life. She described all the things she had to do －one was to make her bed－from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work. I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks. She was shocked, probably thinking I’d been raised by wolves in a forest. However, she went along with my idea.

Two weeks later she went into my office beaming. She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years－and nothing bad had happened. “And you know what?” she said. “I don’t dry my dishes anymore, either.”

    This woman had made two major breakthroughs (突破). One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before. The other was giving herself permission to be less that perfect. This story shows an important principle (原理) about managing time: No one can do it all. Each of us has to make choices and accept trade – offs. The problem is, many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last. They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves. They put everyone else’s needs ahead of their own.

    So what is the solution? There’s an easy way. Decide what you want in your life, and put that first. On a daily basis, that should include regular meals, enough sleep and time with your family. Exercise, leisure, friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life. The point is to do something for yourself every day. The choice is yours: whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life. Take a nap. Take a walk. Take time to play the piano. Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office. Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers. Fill more of your time with want – to – dos instead of have – to – dos.

1.What is the solution to the problem of managing time?

         A．Doing more exercises every day.       B．Taking time to visit friends regularly.

         C．Stopping making bed occasionally.    D．Doing what you want to do first.

2.What does the word “beaming” in Line 1, Paragraph 2 probably mean?

         A．Worrying    B．Smiling       C．Depressed          D．Luckily

3.What is the major problem of most people managing time?

         A．Most people do not take care of their health.

         B．Most people put others’ needs ahead of their own.

         C．Most people cannot keep balance on managing time.

         D．Most people do not take time to relax themselves.

4.What is the author’s attitude toward people’s problems in the passage?

         A．Matter – of – fact.  B．Negative.  C．Indifferent.                  D．Worried.

 

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