Question

4．Some years ago，a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later，psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police lo arrest the suspect and close the case．
    The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The"cognitive interview"was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives （角度）．
    The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events； reporting everything that conies to mind about those events，no matter how broken it is retelling events in a variety of time orders，such as from beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward； and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
    Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony （证词）．
67．The purpose of the passage is toB．
A．give an account of a murder case
B．introduce an idea of cognitive interview
C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
68．What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness？D
A．The exact time at which a murder took place．
B．The information about the event in the time order．
C．The important things that come to his or her mind．
D．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event．
69．The key point in a cognitive interview is thatA
A．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C．the interview should take place outside the police station
D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
70．The underlined word"distorted"in the passage probably means"C
A．arranged     B．balanced         C．，changed    D．examined．

Answer 1

分析 本篇文章由 Miami 的谋杀事件引出认知访谈，接着介绍了认知访谈这种唤醒记忆的方式．

解答 67-70．BDAC
67：B  主旨题．第一段由 Miami 的谋杀事件引出认知访谈，接着文章介绍了认知访谈这种唤醒记忆的方式，所以作者的目的在于介绍认知访谈，故正确答案为B选项．
68：D 细节题．由第四段第一句"The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events…""认知访谈专注于通过四种回忆技巧引导目击者：考虑存在于过去事件中的物理环境和个人感受"可知正确答案为D选项．
62：A  细节题．由第二段最后一句"It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．"可知 cognitive interview 鼓励目击者积极投入到记忆唤醒中，A项符合文意，故正确答案为A选项．
63：C细节题．用C项替换 distorted，则划线词所在句"Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．"意为"人类的记忆是有选择性的，而且它常常由于压力被扭曲"，符合文意，所以C项正确．B项"平衡"，A项"安排"，D项"检查"，均不符合文意，故正确答案为C选项．

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．