题目内容
4.I've often wondered how exactly sleep,or lack of it,can have such an awful effect on our bodies and,guess what,how much we sleep switches good genes(基因) on and had genes off.In the first half of 2013,the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes.Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook.However,each cell only"reads"the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions?It's a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey.He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights.The results were rather surprising.Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used,including some that are linked to heart disease,cancer,and Type 2diabetes.Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction(six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380genes.Of these,220genes were down regulated (their power was increased).Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes(糖尿病).One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin(胰岛素) and is linked to diabetes and insomnia(失眠).The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
28.What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage?A
A.Sleeping hours and changes of genes.
B.Sleeping hours and diseases.
C.Changes of genes and diseases.
D.Genes and health.
29.What can we learn about Professor Derk-Jan Kijk's experiment?C
A.The experiment was carried out to find the answer to how genes affect sleep.
B.The experiment took a period of more than two weeks to reach a conclusion.
C.His volunteers were divided into two groups with two different sleeping patterns.
D.Blood samples of the volunteers were checked afterwards to decide how many genes changed in sleeping.
30.Which of the following may be concluded from the passage?C
A.The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.
B.Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease,cancer and Type 2diabetes.
C.Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes,insomnia,and heart disease.
D.7.5-8hours'sleep pattern makes little difference compared with 6.5-7hours'sleep pattern.
31.Which of the following can be inferred from the findings of the sleep research?D
A.When there is a sleep restriction,genes to do with cell repair and replacement function less.
B.In a sleep,several hundred genes change in the amount.The more changes,the worse results.
C.When genes are up regulated,they do good to health; when genes are down regulated,they do harm to health.
D.Eight hours of sleep a day can be beneficial to our health in that it looks after our genes.
分析 本文介绍了睡眠时间对身体健康的影响.
解答 28.A,主旨大意题,本文主要讲述的是睡眠时间与人体内基因在睡眠状态下产生变化之间的关系,故答案为A.
29.C,推理判断题,根据句子 found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes可知,实验主要目的是发现睡眠时间长短对人体基因变化的影响,而不是基因影响睡眠,故A不正确.实验是分两组进行,志愿者进行两种睡眠时间的测试,故选C正确.
30.C,推理判断题.根据句子Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes(糖尿病).One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin(胰岛素) and is linked to diabetes and insomnia(失眠).The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.可知,睡眠时间不足可能引起人体基因的变化,而这些人体基因变化是导致人体某些病症的产生,如糖尿病,失眠症,心脏病的产生等,故选C正确.
31.D,推理判断题.根据文章第七段的描述The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes,8个小时的睡眠模式对人体是非常有益的,因为这样的睡眠时间能很好地照料决定人体健康方面的基因,因此D项正确.
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.

A. | shut | B. | have shut | C. | had shut | D. | would shut |
A. | a;/ | B. | the;/ | C. | a; the | D. | the; the |