题目内容

13．To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ______．（　　）
A．to never breakB．never to have broken
C．never to be brokenD．never to be breaking

分析 早饭前去打水似乎是我永远不会打破的规则．

解答 答案C由句意可知，规则将永远不会被打破，属于将来的动作吧，rule 与break之间是被动关系，应该使用不定式的被动语态，故答案为C

点评 本题考查非谓语动词，对于非谓语动词的考查，一定要学会判断语态，根据主被动就可以排除掉干扰项，然后根据动作发生的先后顺序判断时态，最终选出正确答案．

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8．The bridge_______ in the floods last year has been rebuilt and traffic will soon return．（　　）
A．hurtB．injuredC．destroyedD．Affected
4．_____ their house in England，they also have a villa in Germany．（　　）
A．Except forB．Apart fromC．Rather thanD．Instead of
1．WHY do we sometimes struggle with moral dilemmas？Why is it a crime to take certain drugs but it's acceptable to take others？Why is it wrong to create human embryos （胚胎） to cure diseases suffered by millions？Often，we follow rules that bring little benefit and can even be positively harmful．But the rules are not set in stone，so there is nothing to stop us getting rid of those that don't work and putting better ones in their place．Now an experiment suggests that morality isn't entirely about benefits to individuals．We also tend to make and obey arbitrary moral rules，probably as a way of promoting social consolidation （巩固）．
A classic psychology experiment called"trolley （电车） experiment"suggests that our minds have two moral systems，and they don't always agree．In the trolley experiment，participants are told that an out-of-control trolley could kill five people on the tracks．They must decide whether to turn it onto a second track with only one person on it．Almost everyone does it，sacrificing one to save five．But if instead you have to push one person off a bridge onto the track to stop the trolley，most people say no．That suggests most of us have a strict rule against killing people directly，even for the greater good．
How are such rules formed？Although people with morality appear to rule out the act of killing in the bridge experiment，most moral behavior in animals appears focused on outcomes-the death of an individual，say-rather than the death of the majority．When an animal experiences harm to help a relative，biologists view this as increasing the chances that the animal's genes will survive．Many psychologists think that human moral rules are an extension of this"kin （亲族） selection"．
Kurzban of the University of Pennsylvania did the experiment further．Kurzban's team gave volunteers changes of the bridge situation．Volunteers were asked what they would do and whether their actions were morally right.85% of them said it would be morally wrong to push one person off to save five，whether these people are brothers or strangers，confirming the idea that there is a rule against killing．However，despite thinking it wrong，28% said they would still push a stranger off to save five，while 47% said they would push a brother off to save five brothers．"They're more likely to do this'less moral1 thing if it's to save a relative，"Kurzban says，suggesting kin selection is at work as well as the basic"moral rule"against killing．The experiment shows we have at least two parallel systems for deciding right and wrong：one that says some actions，like killing，are bad，and another that tells us to protect kin．So how is this helpful？
Science has made great steps in explaining morality．No longer is it seen as something handed down from on high．Sacrificing yourself so as to protect your kin，for example，can benefit your family genes．Social consolidation demands we have rules，regardless of what they are，to help settle disputes quickly and peacefully．

55．Our moral dilemmas lie in the fact that moral rulesC．
A．can hardly be changed once set                    
B．are against individual benefits
C．can be harmful as well as beneficial            
D．are promoting social consolidation
56．Paragraph Two tells us thatD
A．we should have only one moral system        
B．killing one to save five is a good choice
C．we have to push one person off a bridge      
D．killing people directly can't be accepted
57．The underlined word rule out has the closest meaning toA
A．reject         B．admit        C．control         D．doubt
58．Which action agrees with"kin selection"？B
A．A father choosing his daughter as a．government official．
B．A deer staying behind its group when hunted by tigers．
C．Two baby monkeys fighting for their mother's feeding．
D．A dog killing a wolf to save its master's sleeping baby．
59．Kurzban's experiment suggests thatD
A．most volunteers are against the idea of killing brothers   
B．most people would push a stranger off to save five
C．less moral'thing is right and should be accepted
D．two moral systems that we have seem in conflict
60．According to the passage，the rules of morality are，under some circumstances，D
A．scientific         B．reasonable       C．harmful       D．flexible．
8．Languages keeps developing，and English is no exception．It is a language that embraces new words that may be cool today bill gone tomorrow．
     There are，however，some words and phrases that have stood the test of time．OK．which has become the international standard for expressing agreement，is a good example．
     But why is this rather odd expression so popular and so useful when we could use any number of other words to say the same thing？-
     Writing in The Times，Alien Metcalf，author of OK：．The Improbable Story of America's Greatest Word，writes："What OK provided that the others did not was neutrality（中性），a way to express agreement without having to offer an opinion．"
     For example，if someone asks you"Shall we go for a walk after lunch？"you can simply respond"OK"．There you go-no extra opinions．Just straight，plain old OK．
     So just where did this rather curious expression come from？The origins of OK have been widely disputed．Some people have guessed that OK was the name of a person or a product．
     Speakers of many different languages have had their say on this question，keen to claim the term as their own．．
     Writing an article for London's Metro newspaper，Metcalf states；"0 arid K are present in every language of the world，as expressions that can be abbreviated（缩写） OK．"For example； French-"o qu-oui"，"yes indeed"； German-"Ohne Korrektur"，"without correction needed"； and in Latin or Greek，"Olla kalla"．"all good"．
     But，does it sound a little too informal with this popular little expression？
     Apparently not．
     In a speech where he stated that his election would not be a radical （激进的） result to all problems．President Obama said："…？even though I am president…，AI-Qaida is still a threat and that we cannot pretend somehow that because Barack Hussein Obama got elected as president，suddenly everything's going to be OK，"he said．
     So，there you go，straight from the president．It's OK to say OK，and thanks to the expression's widespread usage across the world，you can be understood anywhere．
41．What is the article mainly about？B
A．The origin of OK．
B．Popularity of OK across the world．
C．A debate over the usage of OK．
D．The development of the English language．
42．According to Alien Metcalf，OK differs from other terms to express agreement in thatC．
A．it is easiest to say
B．it is the most commonly used
C．it doesn't involve emotion           
D．it is the most informal and casual
43．The underlined word"disputed"in Paragraph 6 probably meansD，
A．understood       B．agreed       C．believed         D．argued
44．Using the example of Obama，the author intends to show thatA
A．OK is widely used even on formal occasions
B．Obama likes to use'OK when he speaks
C．there is still a long way to go to defeat AI-Qaida
D．the use of OK is encouraged in formal speech and in documents．
18．There is a small shop about 200meters from where I live that sells groceries，meat and other basic necessities．About 10yearsa ago，there was a beggar who would go into the shop every day and ask the owner for a （21）C．The owner，（22）A he would love to help，simply didn't have any jobs availabe，so he kept （23）D the man's office．
This situation continued （24）D for a few months，until the owner （25）B to give the homeless man a job which （26）B sweeping outside the shop．Every single day form 5a．m，the homeless man was there doing the very （27）Ahe could for the （28）B，making it the community's favourite，even though it did earn him pennies．（29）D，the owner saw how good a job the man was doing and gave him a job working （30）C a cashier（收银员）．He was watched closely to make sure that he didn't （31）B any of the money received from the sales．He was still homeless，after all．The homeless man did a/an （32）A job as a cashier for over 2years，and did such a good job that he was promoted to （33）D the finances for the whole shop．
To my （34）A，this was the arrangements up until 2years ago，when the owner （35）C．In his will，he only had one （36）C，to give the whole shop to the now stable，"homeless"man．Now，I could walk into that shop and see him working as hard as （37）A，with his own business that is still （38）D and active 10years after getting his job as a sweeper．
From this story，we can probably get the inspiration：work hard and give everything your best effort，even if it isn't your （39）Asituation，it very well may turn out to （40）B some day in the future．

21．A．coinB．homeC．jobD．meal
22．A．althoughB．unlessC．becauseD．if
23．A．expectingB．consideringC．acceptingD．refusing
24．A．againB．oftenC．weeklyD．daily
25．A．offeredB．agreedC．plannedD．failed
26．A．meantB．involvedC．includedD．trained
27．A．bestB．leastC．betterD．less
28．A．familyB．ownerC．interestD．moment
29．A．SuddenlyB．FortunatelyC．QuietlyD．Eventually
30．A．forB．withC．asD．like
31．A．loseB．pocketC．spendD．save
32．A．honestB．loyalC．fantasticD．kind
33．A．guardB．raiseC．provideD．manage
34．A．knowledgeB．mindC．scareD．joy
35．A．got tiredB．became oldC．passed awayD．gave up
36．A．thoughtB．purposeC．requestD．suggestion
37．A．everB．necessaryC．expectedD．required
38．A．bigB．newC．shabbyD．popular
39．A．idealB．currentC．ownD．financial
40．A．becomeB．beC．happenD．do
5．In 1883，a creative engineer，John Roebling，was inspired to build a splendid bridge connecting New York with Long Island．However，experts throughout the world thought that this was （16）A．Even so，Roebling could not   （17）C the idea in his mind．After much discussion，he  （18）D  convince his son Washington，an up-and-coming engineer，that the bridge in fact could be built．They hired their   （19）B  and began to build their dream bridge．
Only a few months  （20）C  the project was underway a tragic on-site accident killed John Roebling and  （21）A  injured his son，leaving him brain-damaged and unable to move or  （22）D．Surely now the project would have to be  （23）B．Though Washington Roebling lay in his hospital bed，he was not  （24）A  and his mind remained as  （25）A  as it was before the accident．Suddenly an idea   （26）D him．All he could move was one finger，so he  （27）C the arm of his wife with that finger，（28）C  to her that he wanted her to call the engineers again．Then he used the same method of tapping her arm to tell the engineers what to do．For 13years Washington tapped out his  （29）B with one finger until the bridge was  （30）C completed．
Perhaps this is one of the best examples of never-say-die attitude that  （31）A a terrible physical disability and achieves an impossible （32）D．Often when we face difficulties in our daily lives，our problems seem very small  （33）C  what many others have to face．The Brooklyn Bridge shows us that even the most   （34）B dream can be realized with  （35）A no matter what the chances are．

16．A．impossibleB．unnecessaryC．hardD．excellent
17．A．recognizeB．acceptC．ignoreD．believe
18．A．attempted toB．sought toC．failed toD．managed to
19．A．familyB．crewC．classD．team
20．A．sinceB．beforeC．afterD．when
21．A．severelyB．slightlyC．poorlyD．hardly
22．A．workB．sayC．eatD．talk
23．A．continuedB．abandonedC．interruptedD．accomplished
24．A．defeatedB．hurtC．frightenedD．destroyed
25．A．sharpB．broadC．nobleD．advanced
26．A．beatB．occurredC．happenedD．hit
27．A．wavedB．feltC．touchedD．held
28．A．appealingB．speakingC．indicatingD．advising
29．A．ordersB．instructionsC．suggestionsD．movements
30．A．quicklyB．partlyC．eventuallyD．slowly
31．A．overcomesB．acquiresC．fightsD．removes
32．A．awardB．fortuneC．statusD．goal
33．A．combined withB．separated fromC．compared toD．concerned about
34．A．primaryB．distantC．lifelongD．good
35．A．determinationB．knowledgeC．confidenceD．strength
2．Parents often ______ their children with all kinds of toys，thinking that their children like these things．（　　）
A．offerB．giveC．provideD．afford
3．She is rrarely （很少） seen in public nowadays．

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