题目内容
8.A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest.The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data.Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.More than any other way of gathering evidence,satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts.
Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.For example,the ozone hole over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing,as are changes in deserts,forests,and farmlands around the world.Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science.Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.
New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean.There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat,sasses,and mineral-rich water.
Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system.Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems,or GIS,allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations.These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times.For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth.Two such images,made at different times can be overlaid and compared,and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.
74.The word"facilitate"in Paragraph I is closest in meaning toA.
A.enable
B.require
C.organize
D.examine
75.The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective inD.
A.conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
B.predicting future climate changes
C.providing data to determine Earth's age
D.demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts
76.According to the passage,satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allow archaeologists to knowA.
A.indications of ancient routes
B.evidence of former lakes
C.traces of early farms
D.remains of ancient forests
77.What is the main idea of the passageB?
A.special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.
B.New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.
C.Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.
D.Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.
分析 本文主要讲述了新技术,新设备带我们带来的好处,给我们提供了有关地球前所未有的信息.
解答 74.答案 A 词义猜测题 A.enable使能够,帮助;B.require需要;C.organize 组织;D.examine检查.根据文章第一段的文章第一段Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.根据上下文可以猜测是帮助的意思,结合选项,enable意思最贴切,所以答案选A.
75.答案 D 细节辨认题 根据题干关键词是satellite observations are especially effective,定位在第三段,Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.因此卫星观测最大的功能是展示了地球各部分之间的联系,所以答案选D.
76.答案 A 细节辨认题A古代路线的提示;B先前河流的证据;C早期农场的;D古森林的遗迹.根据题干关键词Arabian Desert,定位到第三段最后一句Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.所以答案选A.
77.答案 B 细节辨认题 A需要专门的设备为关于地球的大量数据分类;B新设备提供了关于地球前所未有的信息;C地球系统科学的进步重新解决了许多环境问题;D卫星遥感系统能够展示以年份分开的两种图象的变化.纵观全文,主要在讲述新技术,新设备带我们带来的好处,给我们提供了有关地球前所未有的信息.所以答案选B.
点评 1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.
A. | in place | B. | in the way | C. | by the way | D. | out of place |
A. | them | B. | whom | C. | who | D. | which |
A. | set; keeping | B. | has been set; keeping | ||
C. | was set; kept | D. | has set; keep |