题目内容

8.A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest.The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data.Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.
More than any other way of gathering evidence,satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts.
Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.For example,the ozone hole over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing,as are changes in deserts,forests,and farmlands around the world.Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science.Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.
New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean.There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat,sasses,and mineral-rich water.
Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system.Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems,or GIS,allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations.These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times.For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth.Two such images,made at different times can be overlaid and compared,and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.

74.The word"facilitate"in Paragraph I is closest in meaning toA.
A.enable 
B.require  
C.organize  
D.examine
75.The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective inD.
A.conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
B.predicting future climate changes    
C.providing data to determine Earth's age
D.demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts
76.According to the passage,satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allow archaeologists to knowA.
A.indications of ancient routes       
B.evidence of former lakes
C.traces of early farms
D.remains of ancient forests
77.What is the main idea of the passageB?
A.special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.
B.New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.
C.Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.
D.Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.

分析 本文主要讲述了新技术,新设备带我们带来的好处,给我们提供了有关地球前所未有的信息.

解答 74.答案 A 词义猜测题  A.enable使能够,帮助;B.require需要;C.organize 组织;D.examine检查.根据文章第一段的文章第一段Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.根据上下文可以猜测是帮助的意思,结合选项,enable意思最贴切,所以答案选A.
75.答案 D 细节辨认题  根据题干关键词是satellite observations are especially effective,定位在第三段,Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.因此卫星观测最大的功能是展示了地球各部分之间的联系,所以答案选D.
76.答案 A 细节辨认题A古代路线的提示;B先前河流的证据;C早期农场的;D古森林的遗迹.根据题干关键词Arabian Desert,定位到第三段最后一句Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.所以答案选A.
77.答案 B  细节辨认题  A需要专门的设备为关于地球的大量数据分类;B新设备提供了关于地球前所未有的信息;C地球系统科学的进步重新解决了许多环境问题;D卫星遥感系统能够展示以年份分开的两种图象的变化.纵观全文,主要在讲述新技术,新设备带我们带来的好处,给我们提供了有关地球前所未有的信息.所以答案选B.

点评 1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.  
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.

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相关题目
3.A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest.The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data.Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing,small deep-sea submarines,and geographic information systems.
More than any other way of gathering evidence,satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts.
Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales,and in many cases,measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured.For example,the ozone hole over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing,as are changes in deserts,forests,and farmlands around the world.Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science.Archaeology,for example,has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.
New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean.There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat,sasses,and mineral-rich water.
Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system.Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems,or GIS,allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations.These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times.For example,satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth.Two such images,made at different times can be overlaid and compared,and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.

74.The word"facilitate"in Paragraph I is closest in meaning toA.
A.enable
B.require
C.organize
D.examine
75.The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective inD.
A.conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
B.predicting future climate changes    
C.providing data to determine Earth's age
D.demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts
76.According to the passage,satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allow archaeologists to knowA.
A.indications of ancient routes       
B.evidence of former lakes
C.traces of early farms
D.remains of ancient forests
77.What is the main idea of the passageB?
A.special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.
B.New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.
C.Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.
D.Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.
17.A Terrible Surprise at the Beach  
A fun-filled day at the beach turned into horror for Alex Sun and his four-year-old son,John.The two were happily playing at Discovery Bay's main beach when Mr.Sun saw something sticking out of the sand next to John's foot.He stopped his son just as the boy was about to step on a 3.5-cm-long needle.
"John was barefoot.Think about what might have happened if he had stepped on that needle,"said Mr.Sun."It's a terrible thing to imagine."The Suns'experience shows how serious the pollution problem on the beach is.
"Discovery Bay has always been one of my favorite beaches,"says Mr.Sun,"but now I'll think carefully before letting my child play here again.He will surely have to put on shoes in the future,and I won't take him into the water.This used to be such a beautiful place.The water was clean and blue with no pollution at all.Now there is garbage everywhere.If nothing is done,a family day at the beach could be a thing of the past."
Stephen Chan,a member of a team that has been set up to study the pollution situation there,says,"Medical waste can never be controlled completely.We already know that it is not coming from government hospitals and clinics so we are checking to see if it is coming from private doctors.One of our problems is that there are no laws to help us deal with the people responsible for this pollution."
"If there were stricter laws,people might think twice about throwing garbage into sea,"says Maggie Tang of Friends of the Earth.Mr.Chan,however,thinks that stricter laws alone will not solve the problem."We cannot keep an eye on every inch of the coastline,"he says."There will always be people who throw dangerous garbage.I believe it is mainly a matter of education.If people would accept responsibility for what they do with their garbage,we would be much closer to a solution."
36.Which of the following pictures shows"a barefoot"?C

37.What does Mr.Sun think of the beach now?B
A.Unpopular
B.Unsafe
C.Deserted
D.Crowded.
38.According to Stephen Chan,what is the best way to solve the problem at the beach?D
A.Improve technology to get rid of garbage.
B.Hire cleaners to collect dangerous garbage.
C.Make laws that punish people polluting the environment.
D.Educate people the dangers of polluting the environment.
18.Grasshoppers are having to change their song-one of the iconic sounds of summer-to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic,ecologists have discovered.The study,published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology,is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations.Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons,including marking out territory,warning of predators and finding mates,and although previous research shows birds,whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments,the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now.Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers,half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads.The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates.
     The team then studied the differences in the two groups'songs in the laboratory.To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper,and then recorded their courtship songs.Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations.
     According to Lampe:"Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components.We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song,which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(频谱)."
     The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system(交配系统)."Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways.It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly,prevent females from recognising males of their own species,or impair females'ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song,"Lampe explains.
     Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication,the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works,and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae(幼虫),or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences.
     The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe.Adults occur mainly between July and September,preferring dry grasslands.Around 1.5 cm long,they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple.The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude (振幅) towards the end.The beginning of a phrase is characterised by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude,leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase.A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases.
63.The author wrote the article toC.
A.introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates.
B.raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grasshoppers.
C.inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research.
D.warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system.
64.Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?B
A.Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.
B.Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.
C.Grasshoppers'songs include both low and high frequency components.
D.Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.
65.What does the underlined word"impair"in the fourth paragraph mean?C
A.repair        B.develop        C.weaken         D.improve
66.Which of the following statements is true according the passage?A
A.Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song.
B.Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates.
C.Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise.
D.Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring.

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