题目内容

3.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,"In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence".Given that this is the ease,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive ears,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as  well Rude words,name-calling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are hearing.Tiffs doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,"64percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92percent of the students felt better about themselves'.Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

50.This article is mainly aboutD.
A.the lives of school children                B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence               D.how to deal with school conflicts
51.From Paragraph 2we can learn thatB.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
52.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?C.
A.To find out who is to blame.
B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
53.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta,it was found thatA.
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C.more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
54.The writer's purpose for writing this article is toC.
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence.

分析 文章介绍了校园暴力.年轻的学生们会为了一件小事而反目成仇,由冲突升级为暴力.对现在的孩子们来说,最大的威胁不是疾病,饥饿或遗弃,而是可怕的校园暴力.我们孩子们不能像处理其它事情一样处理冲突呢?首先,问题出现时,要保持冷静;其次,要学会倾听和理解;最后还要学会自我反省,多问自己问题出在哪?作者最后还提议要在全国推行反对校园暴力的教育,毕竟,学会处理冲突也是一种基本的生存技能.

解答 50.D 主旨大意题.文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the ease,why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive ears,or stay physically fit?为什么学生们不学会像处理其它问题一样处理冲突呢?最后一段说conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country我们要在所有学校教育学生如何解决冲突.故选D.
51.B 推理判断题.文章第二段说A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult绝大多数校园暴力都是很小的侮辱引发的.故选B.
52.C 细节理解题.文章第五段说Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller学生要多问自己到底有什么大不了的事,非要发生冲突不可.问题搞清楚了,冲突加小多了.故选C.
53.A 细节理解题.倒数第二段说64percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92percent of the students felt better about themselves报告显示校园暴力明显减少.故选A.
54.C 推理判断题.最后一段说conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country要做全国推行教育学生正确处理冲突.故选C.

点评 阅读理解是考查语篇理解能力.常考的题型有:推理判断题;主旨大意题;细节理解题;猜测词意题.近几年又出现了两种新的考查方式:写作态度判断题和文章结构题.解题时,在读懂文章的基础上,还有特别注意掌握题型的特征,尤其是细节题和推断题不可混淆:细节题是文章信息的再现;推断题是文章信息的提取.

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9.No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specialization,which means that people would specialize,or focus,on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr.Fielder,for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds,tended the fields,and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time,he did many other jobs on the farm.However,he didn't make the bricks for his house,cut his trees into boards,make the plows (犁),or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead,he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron,Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps,he thought,other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing?Why,he advertised,of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read,they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone,clay,or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium,in advertising talk,is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio,or sound,although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally,just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument,such as a bell,were used to get people's attention.
A crier,in the historical sense,is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone,probably a man,with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt,shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods,explained where they came from,and praised their quality.His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.(478words)

41.What probably led to the start of advertisement?B
A.The discovery of iron.
B.The specialization of labor.
C.The appearance of new jobs.
D.The development of farming techniques.
42.To advertise his plows,Mr.PlowrightB.
A.praised his plows in public 
B.placed a sign outside the shop
C.hung an arrow pointing to the shop 
D.showed his products to the customers
43.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order toA.
A.explain the origin of advertising  
B.predict the future of advertising
C.expose problems in advertising  
D.provide suggestions for advertising
44.In ancient Egypt,a crier was probably someone whoD.
A.owned a ship  
B.had the loudest voice
C.ran a shop selling goods to farmers  
D.functioned like today's TV or radio commercial
45.The last two paragraphs are mainly aboutC.
A.the history of advertising  
B.the benefits of advertising
C.the early forms of advertising  
D.the basic design of advertising.
16.Sahnun Mohamud has never lived in Somalia,but the 21-year-old student has helped set  up an organization that supports aid projects for the east-African country.Sahnun Mohamud is  a co-founder and director of a group called Students for Somalia.He is following the  humanitarian example of his mother.
    Mr.Mohamud attends William & Mary College in Williamsburg,Virgina.It is a long  way from Somalia.However,that coastal nation is home to many of his relatives.His parents  were born there.His mother,Filsan Darman helped start the non-profit agency Aadamiga  Somalia,which provided for aid to Somalia in 1987.
    Filsan Darman said the agency provided food and clothing to Somali people,who had fled  to the Somali capital Mogadishu to escape contradiction in the North.
    Sahnun Mohamud praised his mother's service,"She's been helping Somalia since before I was born."
    Mr.Mohamud became involved in Humanitarian projects early in life.One of his goals for starting Students for Somalia was to get more non-Somalis to take part in helping Somalia.He noted that many Somali aid organizations have only Somali members.
"So my group and my whole motto has been‘Let every ethnicity and race help Somalia'.I think it's a huge resource to have non-somali people helping Somalia."said Mohamud.
    This year,Students for Somalia and Aadamiga are cooperating on a project to fight poverty and increase education.Mr.Mohamud said the groups lend money to women who have lived a long time in refugee(难民)camps in Mogadishu.They use the money to start or support businesses like small food stores.The women must have a child in school in Somalia to receive the money.She also must pay back the loan,but Mr.Mohamud says the woman does not return the loan money to the lender.Instead,she gives it to her child's schoo1.That way,he says,the school can make improvements.

56.What do we know about Mohamud according to the text?C
A.He lived in Somalia with his mother.
B.He started Students for Somalia on his own.
C.He was director of Students for Somalia.
D.He helped start the agency Aadamiga Somalia.
57.Which of the following is true of Aadamiga Somalia?A
A.It has offered help to Somalia since 1987.
B.It alls on every ethnicity and race to help Somalia.
C.It appealed to the government to helpl Somalia.
D.Its aim was to help the women in poor condition.
58.For what purpose did Students for Somalia and Aadamiga cooperate?D
A.To encourage young people to work.
B.To get more money from the women.
C.To get some benefit from Somalia.
D.To fight poverty and increase education.
59.Which condition is NOT true for women to get the money from the group?B
A.She must have a child in school in Somalia.
B.She must pay back the money to the lender.
C.She can use the money to start a business.
D.She must pay back the money to her child's schoo1.   
60.What may be the best title of the text?A
A.Mother,son team up to fight Somalia poverty
B.Mr.Mohamud helped found Humanitarian projects
C.Students for Somalia centers its efforts on education
D.Mother started the non-profit agency Aadamiga Somalia.

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