健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说,你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗?

Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋).

"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis(骨关节炎)— and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.

"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.”

The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.

But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.

The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.

"This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.

1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

                                                                           

2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful.

                                                                          

3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)

                                                                          

4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? (within 30 words)

                                                                           

5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.


If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion; they are always taken advantage of by the designers and big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. Women usually stand in front of a wardrobe full of clothes, announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the international creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women , who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital thing like warmth, comfort and durability(持久性). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or deliberately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusion to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.
1. Designers and big stores always make money _______.
A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry.
B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions.
C. by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing
D. because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing.
2. To the writer, the fact that women put aside their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ________.
A. a waste of money                      B. a waste of time
C. an expression of taste                   D. an expression of creativity
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
B. The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character.
C. the fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
D. Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.
4. By saying “the conclusion to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that________.
A. women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at.
B. women are better able to put up with discomfort.
C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers.
D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion.


If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(稳定耐用)? That is for you to decide.
【小题1】Designers and big stores always make money _______.

A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C. by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing
D. because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing
【小题2】To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _______.
A.a waste of moneyB.a waste of time
C.an expression of tasteD.an expression of creativity
【小题3】New fashions in clothing are created for _______.
A.the commercial exploitation of women
B. the women’s strength of character
C. basic qualities of inconstancy and instability
D. an important contribution to society

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that the has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who can not afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering(改变) the dresses they have.Skirls are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contribulea anything really important to society.
Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability.They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high —heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonder, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.
【小题1】Designers and big stores always make money _____.

A.by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
B.by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
C.because they are able to predict new fashions for the coming season
D.because they attach great importance to quality of women’s clothing
【小题2】To the writer, the fact that woman alter their old fashioned dresses is seen as       .
A.a waste of moneyB.an expression of taste
C.a waste of timeD.an expression of creativity
【小题3】According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A.The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society
B.The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of characters
C.Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women
D.New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women
【小题4】By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that       .
A.women are better able to put up with discomfort
B.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
C.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D.women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(稳定耐用)? That is for you to decide.

1.Designers and big stores always make money _______.

   A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

   B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions

   C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

   D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

2.To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _______.

   A. a waste of money                          B. a waste of time

   C. an expression of taste                        D. an expression of creativity

3.New fashions in clothing are created for _______.

   A. the commercial exploitation of women     

B. the women's strength of character

   C. basic qualities of inconstancy and instability   

D. an important contribution to society

 

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