题目内容
What is a yawn(哈欠) and why do people yawn? A yawn is often associated with a person being tired. __1__ People yawn for many reasons including stress, boredom, emotion and overwork.
Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious(会传染的)? If one person yawns, this appears to cause another person to yawn. Researchers have found that 40－60% of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves.__2__
Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested. Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that it's time to go to sleep, or if someone yawns when they're bored, it may be a sign to change the topic of conversation. __3__ Animals of all types yawn. If you have a dog or cat, you've probably seen your pet yawn several times. Even some birds yawn such as cockatiel parrots, Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins.
Some of the scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs. One likely explanation is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen. The deep breath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood. __4__ It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn.
Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years and can date back to the ancient Greeks. A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mouth when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth. __5__ Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex.
A. Did you yawn while reading this article?
B. Yawning is not limited to humans.
C. It will make you lose interest in your work.
D. But this is not always the cause for a yawn.
E. Even reading the word YAWN can make people yawn.
F. However, it doesn't mean that you need rest or relaxation.
G. Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________
5. ________
DGACF
How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s
body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can g
ive a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（横截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scann
ed across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “s
top the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
【小题1】What is NOT true of a CAT scan?
| A．It is safer than regular X rays. |
| B．It makes use of computer techniques. |
| C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time. |
| D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts. |
| A．a badly injured part inside the body |
| B．a new thing that is unknown to the doctor |
| C．a strange organ that has grown in the body |
| D．an object that gets inside the body by chance |
| A．It provides clear photos of moving organs. |
| B．It can take 3-dimension（三维）pictures of inside organs. |
| C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. |
| D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up. |
| A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation |
| B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners |
| C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines |
| D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it |
| A．the Newest Medical Invention |
| B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives |
| C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays |
| D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners |
What is a dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep. 1 However, they have been valued as necessary to a person's health and happiness.
Historically people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person's character. 2 He believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears, which would be socially unacceptable in real life.
The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung's compensation theory. Jung, a former student of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the dreamer. 3 Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.
Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. , 4 Until they reach age five, they can not express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ. For instance,
The characters that appear in the dreams of men are often other men, and often involve physical aggression.
The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. 5 If you dream that a loved one is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is going to die.
| A．Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life. |
| B．However, people should not take their dreams as reality. |
| C．They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys. |
| D．It gives scientists chances to better understand human mind. |
F．They think their mind is trying to tell them something.
G．First, there was Sigmund Freud’s theory.